摘要：活性炭对绝大多数污染物都具有良好的吸附效果，生物质资源丰富易得、可再生，是制备活性炭的优良材料。本实验以芦苇为原料，40%磷酸为活化剂制备活性炭，并利用扫描电镜、比表面积及孔径测定仪、红外光谱及等电点滴定法等方法表征活性炭表面结构；利用制备的活性炭对染料废水中的亚甲基蓝进行吸附，研究活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学和热力学规律，并对其吸附性能的影响因素包括投加量、吸附时间、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、pH和温度等进行分析。结果表明：芦苇活性炭含有羟基、羧基、酯基、酚基、醇基等官能团；活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝实验的活性炭最佳投加量为0.1g/L，吸附饱和时间为3h，最佳pH值为7.0，吸附最佳温度为30℃；活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程更符合伪二级动力学模型，即吸附速率由外部扩散、颗粒内扩散、表面吸附三个过程共同控制；活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的等温线拟合情况与Langmuir吸附模型最吻合，即活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附属于单分子层吸附。69307

毕业论文关键词：活性炭；亚甲基蓝；表征；影响因素；吸附机理

Study on Preparation and Adsorption Capability of Activated Carbon from Reeds

Abstract: Activated carbon (AC) has good adsorption performance for most pollutants, and the accessible and renewable bomass resources are excellent materials for the preparation of activated carbon. In the present study, activated carbon was prepared from reeds using 40% H3PO4 as activator. The characteristics of activated carbon were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area and pore size analyzer, FTIR spectrometerand point of zero charge titration methods. Then the activated carbon was used to adsorb the methylene blue in the wastewater, and the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were explored. Moreover, the impacts of  dosage, adsorption time, initial solution concentration, pH and temperature on the adsorption of activated carbon were also determined. The results showed that, activated carbon contained hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, exter group, phenolic group, alcohol group and other functional groups. When using AC adsorbing the methylene blue, the optimal dosage, adsorption equilibrium time, pH and temperature were 0.1g/L, 3h, 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. The activated carbon adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model and the adsorption rate was controlled by external diffusion, particle diffusion and surface adsorption processes. The adsorption isotherm correlated well with Langmuir adsorption mode, which suggested that activated carbon adsorption belonged to single molecule layer adsorption mode.

Keywords: Activated carbon; Methylene blue; External characterization; Influencing factors; Adsorption mechanism

目录

1.引言 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究目的 2

2.实验内容 2

2.1芦苇活性炭的制备 2

2.1.1活性炭的制备工艺 2

2.1.2活性炭得率计算 3

2.2芦苇活性炭的表征测定 3

2.2.1表面超微结构观察 3

2.2.2比表面积和孔径、孔容测定 4

2.2.3红外光谱分析 4

2.2.4表面酸性含氧官能团含量测定 4

2.3活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝试验研究 5

2.3.1投加量的影响 6