AboveAreTheStarsInsideIsTheMoralLaw头顶星空心怀道德

[Abstract]ThispaperintroducesthephilosophyofmoralityofKant,mainlyanalyzingtheinfluenceofpeople’sw论文网illonworkingandlivingandattachinggreatimportancetothewillofhumanbeings。

[Keywords]philosophyofmorality;humanbeing;will

Asafamousphilosopheraroundtheworld,Kant’sphilosophylikehisphilosophyofmoralityiswellknownandstudiedbypeopleofdifferenttimes。Themostfamousmottoofkantis,“Inmyheadarethestarsofthesky,inmyheartthereisamorallaw。“ThecoreofKant’sphilosophyofmoralityishumanity“insociety,sohetalksaboutmoralprinciple,commonlegislationandrationalbeingasanenditself,meaningnobodyislegitimatetotakeanypersonastool。Inthisway,humanbecomesthebasisofmorality。Manythingsarebuiltonhumanbeinghimself:Tolifeandtowork,allforhumanbeingwouldbeourmeasureofgoodactions。

Strictlyspeaking,itisfromKantthathumanitybegantobenoticed。Suchquestionsas:WhatcanIknow?WhatshouldIdo?WhatcanIexpect?“aremanyphilosophersandpeoplewhocherish1ife’sconcern。ImmanuelKantenlightenedusgreatlyonthismatter。AsthegreatestphilosophersincePlatoandAristotle,Kant’scontributionsreachedcosmology,metaphysicsandhistheoryofknowledgeisalsoofprofoundimportancebecauseitisinhisdiscussionofproblemsofmorality,ideasofhumanityareperfectlymanifestedinKant’seyes,thecentralquestionsofmoralitywastodowhatweknewwasrightongroundsofpurereason。Especiallyinthefaceoftemptationsanddistractions。

ForKant,thetaskofphilosophyofmoralityliedinhowwecouldfollowtheseprinciplesthatallthepeoplewerebonded。Asarationalbeing,peoplewillask:WhatcanIdo?“andWhatshouldIdo?“Moreimportantly,whenpeopleconsiderwhatheshoulddo,heshouldalsotakealltheotherrationalbeingsintoconsiderationforamoralprincipleisasvalidtooneastoanyothers。Therefore,Kant’sphilosophyofmoralityfocusesononeverycrucialrulebyexaminingwhetheraparticularprinciplecanbeappliedtoallrationalbeingsortotakesinglepersonasanenditself。Thisisasloganshowingthefactthatanysocietyishumansocietyconstitutedbypeople。Onlyallitsmembersenjoythebenefitcanmakeitreasonable。NowthatKanttookhumanbeingasprimeend,alltheotherthingsinthesocietyincludingsocialsystemaretools。Ifsomesystemsdoharmtothedevelopmentofthesociety,tothesatisfactionofmajority’sneedsortothefullimprovementofhumanbeing,theyaresuretobeabandoned。What’smore,humanbeing’sirreplaceablepositionasultimateendallowsnoonetofoolhimoutofanyreasonorevenworsetodestroyhim。However,onlywhentheexistenceofonepersonthreatensthatofotherscanwemakeitrighttopunishhim。Also,humanbeingasanendwasunderstoodbyKantasallpeople。Soallpeopleownthesameright,allshouldbetreatedasbrothersandsisters,allshouldloveandhelpeachOther。Lastbutnotleast,todevelopone’stalents,realizingone’sownvalueallcontributetoKant’sideasofmorality。Whentalkingaboutethics,Kantreferredtofourkindsofpeople:(1)Amantokillhimselfoutofwearinessoflife;(2)Amantoborrowmoneyeventhoughknowinghisinabilitytopayitback:(3)Amantogiveuphischanceofimprovementinfrontofcomfortablelife:(4)Amantoneglectothers’hardships。AlltheabovefourweredoingwrongandquiteimmoralaccordingtoKant’sphilosophyofmoralityasitfiguredout:actasthoughthemaximofyouractionwerebyyourwilltobecomeauniversal1awofnature。Asamatteroffact,wehavealmostthesameconceptinChina。Confuciansaid:Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdotoyou。“EastorWest,ancientorpresent,thesesideaswouldnotlosetheirusefulnessasguidanceinreallife。

AccordingtoKant,everybeingshouldexistasanendinhimselfandnotmerelyasameanstobearbitrarilyusedbywill,therefore,whetheryourownpersonorthatofothersshouldbetreatedinthesameway。Astolife,itconcernsmylife,yourlifeandhisorherlifeaswell。Tocherish1ifeisonethingasanyattempttodestroyonesoastoescapefrompossibleburdenjustusesapersonasameansbeforeendingthelife。Onthecontrary,oneshouldthinkofeverymeanstosustainlifeaslivingto1ifeisalsooneofhisendsashumanbeing。Apartfromthis,ourattitudetoward1ifeshouldbepositive。Solivinga1ifemeaningfully,tryingyourbesttomake1ifecolorfulandbetter。

Thedaywhenhumanbeingwerecreated,theywereendowedwiththecapabilityofmaitainingtheirlivesthroughworking,bothphysicallyandintellectually。Eventoday,thisremains。WhatdistinguishesitalittleherefromKantisthatwemaybearmoreresponsibilityofworkingforallhumanbeing’sbenefitbecauseweareallendsofourownpersons。Thatistosayweshoulddoourworkwholeheartedly,beresponsibleandcarefultowork,weshouldalsograspeverypossiblechancetomakeourselvesandworkbetterratherthanregardingworkasatasktobefinished。Thenwhatistherightattitude?Well,justlookitasyourpassionandcause。0ntheotherhand,bereadytofuseintoyourworkingteamsincewearea1lhumanbeingsdependingoneachotherforourenjoymentofequalrightorbenefit,whynotbeunitedandhelpfultoeachother?

Therulesabovemaysoundeasybutdifficulttoputintopractice。Humanbeingisworkingwithmind。Sowillplaysacrucialroleintheend。Willisakindofspirit,anattitudeofkeepingfordifferentgoodatdifferenttime。AsisKant’sview:Realgoodliesinwill。Willgood,andthethingisgood。

AboveAreTheStarsInsideIsTheMoralLaw头顶星空心怀道德