摘 要古树名木是人类历史发展过程中具有悠久历史和重要历史文化价值的树木，但由于土壤环境的恶化、人为破坏、自然灾害等原因发生，古树名木呈现生长衰老或濒危等现象。因此，开展古树名木的生态变化与衰老特性的养护与管理具有重要的意义。87040

本文综合运用嵌入式系统、传感、无线通信、Android开发等先进技术，设计了一套基于物联网的古树名木巡更系统。

本文首先简要介绍了系统的相关技术，然后在需求分析的基础上给出系统功能定义和总体设计，其次详细阐述了系统模块的设计过程并建立了古树名木养护模型：系统利用传感技术感知古树名木根部土壤墒情及古树名木周围温湿度和古树名木的位置；采用射频识别NFC技术获取古树名木的身份，实现简便的巡更签到；通过蓝牙无线通信技术实现无线互联；利用Android应用开发，实现巡更终端的巡更、信息显示处理和报警等功能。最后介绍了系统的特点和应用前景。

经测试，系统达到了设计目标，能够对获取的信息进行智能分析与处理，实现古树名木的有效监测及巡更的有效监管，并实现了古树名木养护模型的建立。

关键词：古树名木，巡更，养护模型，土壤墒情，NFC

Abstract

Historical trees are something that has survived in the process of development of human history or has important historical and cultural value。 But due to the deterioration of soil environment, human damage, natural disasters and etc。, there are some problems existing, such as growth slowdown。 Therefore, how to maintain and manage historical trees is very important。

The use of advanced technology of embedded system, sensor, network communications and the Android application development being integrated, it designs a patrol system of historical trees based on Internet of Things。

This paper begins with a brief introduction to the technologies related to the system。 Then on the basis of demand analysis, it gives system’s function definition and overall design。 Secondly, it elaborates the system module design process and the establishment of the historical trees maintenance model: this system makes use of the sensing technology to sense the roots’ soil moisture, surrounding temperature and position; it uses radio frequency identification NFC technology to obtain the identity of the historical trees, and achieve simple patrol attendance; through Bluetooth wireless communication technology, it realizes wireless connections; it uses Android application development, to realize patrol function of patrol terminal, the information display processing and alarm function。 At last, the characteristics and application prospect of the system are introduced。

The test system can meet the design target and obtain information for intelligent analysis and processing。 It also realizes the effective supervision of historical trees and effective monitoring and patrol。 Lastly it realizes the establishment of the historical tree maintenance model。

Keywords: historical trees, patrol, maintenance model, soil moisture, NFC

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1  本课题研究背景 1

1。2  国内外现状分析 3

1。3  本论文研究思路和所做的主要工作 4

第二章 相关技术 5

2。1  嵌入式系统技术 5

2。2  传感器技术 5

2。3  NFC技术 6

2。4  蓝牙技术