摘要随着对很多形状复杂的特殊重要零件的加工要求越来越高，以及航空航天、船舶、汽车、军事等领域制造业的迅速发展，需要更先进的数控机床来满足对这些零件的加工需要。而螺旋桨是一种典型的自由复杂曲面零件，加工难度很大。因此，针对螺旋桨加工的诸多难点和要求，本文设计了一个五轴联动的数控机床。50668

本文参考国内外的大量资料，介绍了螺旋浆加工大型多自由度铣床的总体结构的设计。首先，了解传统常见机床的构造，确定了总体设计的方案；机床的总体采用龙门结构，刚度比较大；然后设计了横梁、立柱、拖板、滑枕的结构，通过选择合理截面形状和布置适当的加强筋，使机床大件重量减轻，提高了刚度和强度；接着设计了水平和竖直方向的传动机构，本设计采用了滚珠丝杠螺母副，能达到较高的传动精度，同时在竖直方向上布置了一个液压缸来平衡滑枕和五轴铣头的重力；最后通过ANSYS进行有限元分析，验证了设计的结果。

结果表明，本次设计可以成功的达到设计任务要求，同时提高了加工效率。

毕业论文关键词：五轴联动；龙门铣床；滚珠丝杠；有限元；

Abstract With many special and important parts of complex shape processing requirements are high, as well as aerospace, marine, automotive, military and other fields the rapid development of manufacturing industries need more advanced CNC machine tools to meet the needs of those parts of the process. The propeller is a typical free complex surface parts, machining difficult. Therefore, in view of the many difficulties and propeller machining requirements, we design a five-axis CNC machine tools.

    This article references a lot of information at home and abroad, introduced the propeller milling machining of large multi-degree of freedom of the overall structural design. First, understand the structure of the traditional common tool to determine the overall design of the program; overall machine gantry structure, stiffness is relatively large; and then design the beams, columns, carriage, ram structure, by selecting the appropriate reasonable cross-section shape and arrangement the ribs, so that the machine bulky weight, improved stiffness and strength; followed by the design of the horizontal and vertical directions of transmission, the design uses a ball screw nut, can achieve high transmission accuracy, while the vertical arranged in a straight direction to balance the hydraulic cylinder ram and five-axis milling gravity; finally through the ANSYS finite element analysis to verify the design results.

    The results showed that the success of this design can meet the design mission requirements, while improving the processing efficiency. 

Keywords: Five-axis; milling machine; ball; finite element;

目  录

第一章  绪  论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外五轴联动机床发展的现状 2

1.3本论文主要研究内容 2

第二章 工作原理及总体方案设计 4

2.1机床总体设计的基本要求 4

2.2机床设计的步骤 4

2.3机床的总体布局原则 5

2.4本机床的工作原理 6

2.5本机床的总体方案设计 6

2.5.1机床总布局设计 6

2.5.2机床传动系统的设计 8

2.5.3滑枕重力平衡装置的设计