摘要：高精密，高速机床是现代数控机床发展的一大趋势，通过对机床结构设计优化提高机床精度的重要途径。本文针对数控车床主轴部件进行结构设计，并用有限元软件仿真分析以优化结构。主要设计内容包括：根据设计标准及给定参数完成了对主轴的结构设计；合理选择支承方案；选择适当的润滑与密封。完成初步的结构设计后，用有限元方法对该结构进行分析。传统的经验设计、类比设计设计计算量大，消耗时间长，修改复杂，因而，有限元软件优化设计逐渐取代传统设计方法。本次设计中有限元分析是本次设计的重点部分，选择ANSYS软件，根据设计好的结构设计主轴模型，并进行仿真模拟分析，根据输出的位移量，应力分布等信息，找到薄弱环节，有针对性的进行结构调整调整，即完成优化设计。67746

毕业论文关键词：数控车床；轴承配置；润滑与密封：主轴部件；有限元分析

Structural optimization design of spindle parts of EX-106 CNC lathe

Abstract：High precision, high speed machine is a trend in the development of modern CNC machine tool, the machine tool structure design optimization is an important way to improve the precision of the machine tool. The components of CNC lathe spindle structure design, and using the finite element simulation analysis software to optimize the structure design. The main contents include: according to the design standards and parameters to complete the structural design on the spindle; reasonable choice of supporting scheme; proper lubrication and sealing. To complete the preliminary design of the structure, the structure is analyzed by finite element method. The traditional experience design, analog design calculation, long time consumption, modify complex, therefore, the finite element software optimization The design has gradually replaced the traditional design method. The design of finite element analysis is a key part of the design of the ANSYS software, according to the structure design of spindle design good model and simulation analysis, according to the output displacement, stress distribution, find the weak links, targeted for structure adjustment, optimization design is completed.

KeyWords：CNC lathe;bearing configuration; Lubrication and seal；spindle parts；finite element analysis 

目录

1 绪论1

  1.1 基本概念1

    1.1.1 数控机床的含义1

    1.1.2 数控机床的特点1

    1.1.3 数控机床的组成及其原理1

  1.2 数控机床的发展2

    1.2.1 数控机床的发展状况2

    1.2.2 数控车床主轴系统的发展状况2 

  1.3 研究意义3

  1.4 设计思路3

  1.5 研究内容与方法4

2 主轴部件设计5

  2.1 设计要求及措施5

    2.1.1 旋转精度5

    2.1.2 刚度6

    2.1.3 抗振性6

    2.1.4 温升和热变形7

    2.1.5 耐磨性7

    2.1.6 设计要求小结7

  2.2 主轴设计8

    2.2.1 主轴材料和热处理8

    2.2.2 主轴结构形状设计8

    2.2.3 主轴主要参数设计9

    2.2.4 主轴技术要求12

  2.3 轴承配置方案12

    2.3.1 轴承型号选择13

    2.3.2 轴承的配置方式14

    3.3.3 间隙与预紧16

    2.3.4 轴承的精度与配合17

  2.4 润滑17

    2.4.1 脂润滑17

    2.4.2 油润滑18

    2.4.3 润滑方案18

  2.5 密封18