摘要装载机是常用于道路、矿山、建筑等的机械工程设备，其用途广泛，可以在复杂 的环境下进行作业。装载机的作业是通过其连杆机构来实现，目前，国内外装载机六 连杆的结构型式，主要有以下几种类型，按连杆个数不同，分为三连杆、四连杆、五 连杆、六连杆和八连杆等；根据输入和输出杆的旋转方向是否相同，又分为正转和反 转连杆机构。根据设计要求，查阅相关资料后，本次设计采用反转六连杆机构作为其 六连杆。81984

装载机连杆机构主要由铲斗、动臂、连杆、摇臂和转斗油缸、动臂油缸等组成。 整个六连杆铰接在车架上。铲斗、连杆和摇臂与转斗油缸之间采用铰接的形式，用来 装卸物料。同样，动臂与车架、动臂油缸也采用铰接形式，用以实现铲斗的升降。铲 斗的翻转和动臂的升降采用液压控制。反转六连杆机构具有以下优点：铲斗在掘起物 料时，保证连杆机构的传力比不变，可以获得更大的掘起力，能够很好地满足铲装、 运输及卸载等作业要求，所以在设计过程中得到广泛采用。

本文首先综述了国内外装载机技术研究的状况以及发展趋势。接着主要对六连杆 的分类及其各自的优缺点进行详细的介绍，通过分析对比，得到本次设计中所采用的 反转六连杆机构。然后对装载机六连杆各部件进行受力分析，确定六连杆的结构参 数，主要对铲斗和连杆机构进行了计算和设计，得出了铲斗的额定装载量、额定斗 容、铲斗结构形式的选择、铲斗的宽度机斗齿的形状选择以及连杆部分的各连杆位 置、卸载角度和动臂、摇臂的结构尺寸。在已知的工况下，对连杆各部分和铰点的载 荷进行计算，通过参数分析，对动臂、摇臂以及铰销进行强度校核。通过对装载机六 连杆中油缸作用力的确定，对动臂油缸和摇杆油缸进行选型。其中六连杆为本次设计 重点。最后应用 SOLIDWORKS 对整个六连杆进行三维建模并完成装配，运用有限元 软件 ANSYS 完成计算机辅助工程分析，分析其应力分布，对六连杆机构模型进行优 化。

毕业论文关键字：装载机；六连杆；结构设计；三维建模；有限元分析

Abstract Loader is often used in roads, mining, construction machinery and engineering equipment。 It is used widely and can work in a complex environment。 Loader works through its link mechanism to achieve。 At present, structural type of loaders working device, there are the following types, according to the number of different link, the link is pided into three, four-link five link, six and eight-rod connecting rod; according to the rotational direction of the input and output shaft are the same, pided into forward and reverse link mechanism。 According to the design requirements, after access to relevant information, this design uses a link mechanism as its reversal six working device。

Loader linkage mainly by the bucket, boom, connecting rod, rocker arm and the bucket cylinder, boom cylinders and other components。 The entire operating system is hinged on the frame。 Buckets, hinged link between the form and the rocker arm and bucket cylinder for loading and unloading materials。 Similarly, the boom and the frame, hinged boom cylinder also forms to achieve the lifting of the bucket。 Flip the bucket lift and boom with hydraulic control。 Reversing six-bar mechanism has the following advantages: the rise of the bucket when the materials to ensure the force transmission linkage mechanism than the same, you can get more breakout force, can satisfy the shovel loading, transport and unloading operational requirements, it has been widely adopted in the design process。

This paper reviews the status and trends of loaders technology research。 Then the major task of cataloging the device and their respective advantages and disadvantages in detail, analysis and comparison, to obtain reversal six Linkage this design uses。 Then each member of the loader working device stress analysis to determine the structural parameters of the working device, the bucket and the main link mechanism were calculated and designed, drawn with a rated load capacity of the bucket Rated bucket capacity bucket structure of choice, the width of the machine bucket bucket teeth shape selection and location of each link rod part, unloading angle and boom, arm structure size。 In the known conditions of load and link the various parts of the hinge point is calculated by analyzing the parameters of the boom, the arm and the hinge pin strength check。 By determination of the loader working device cylinder force of the boom cylinders and cylinder rocker performed selection。 Wherein the working device based sub design focus。 Finally, the entire application SOLIDWORKS working device assembly and complete three-dimensional modeling, finite element    analysis