不同年代小麦品种产量和氮素利用效率的差异
毕业论文关键词：不同年代品种；小麦；产量；氮利用效率
Differences of yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat Varieties
Abstract：Clear in different wheat varieties and nitrogen assimilation ability differences can be improved to provide the direction of improvement of nitrogen efficiency of wheat and yield in different years. In this study, since 1950s in the middle and lower Yangtze River Winter Wheat Region bred 3 representative wheat varieties in ND2419, YM1 and YM16, field experiment different in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat varieties and their relationship with the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen metabolism. The results show that the modern rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency was increased with the improved varieties. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation with in advance and gradually increase. The modern varieties in wheat leaves NR the activity of GS was higher than that of the early varieties, but the wheat after anthesis nitrogen accumulation and NR, GS activity decreased in early varieties, the nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of modern varieties before has stronger. Related analysis showed that the nitrogen utilization rate and yield of wheat seedling and jointing, flowering and ripening stage of dry matter accumulation is positively correlated with the jointing flowering plants, dry matter accumulation was negatively correlated with the age of plants. Therefore, to promote the improvement of the varieties, improve the wheat pre anthesis nitrogen assimilation ability, increase the accumulation of dry matter then, the yield was increased.
Key words: Different Varieties of different eras；Wheat；Yield；Nitrogen use efficiency
目 录
摘要3
关键词3
Abstract3
Key words3
引言3
1材料与方法 4
1.2 试验设计 4
1.2 测定项目及方法4
1.2.1产量和产量构成因素 4
1.2.2氮效率4
1.2.3干物质积累量 4
1.2.4氮素含量 5
1.2.5 NR和GS5
2 结果与分析5
2.1产量和氮效率6
2.2阶段性干物质积累7
2.3阶段性氮素积累 8
2.4 NR和GS活性9
2.5小麦产量与阶段性干物质和氮素积累的关系10
3 讨论12
致谢14
参考文献14
不同年代小麦品种产量和氮素利用效率的差异
目前在世界小麦种植范围内最普遍的问题就是氮肥利用效率普遍偏低，据统计，我国的氮肥利用率仅为28.2%，远远低于国际平均水平的40%[1]，造成了巨大的能源及资源浪费。因此，提高小麦氮效率对于保持小麦农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
李淑文等[2]研究表明，随着品种的更替，在同等栽培条件下，现代小麦品种的氮效率及产量得到了大幅度的提升。徐晓鹏等[3]认为，在植物体内氮同化是植物利用氮素的一个中心环节,是导致植物氮利用效率不高的原因之一。而造成不同年代小麦品种氮效率差异的原因之一是氮同化能力的差异。为了研究小麦的氮素同化，阐明小麦高效同化氮素的生物学基础，前人做了许多关于植物的氮素方面的研究，近年来有研究表明，王春娥等[4-7]认为不同年代作物品种因基因型不同，而在营养的同化、运转和利用方面存在着明显的遗传多样性现象。与上述研究相类似的，田中伟[8]研究表明60-80年代的小麦品种随着年代的推进，其氮素的吸收同化效率逐渐提高。这说明，氮素的同化利用效率是可以被改良的，我们可以通过改良小麦品种最终达到少施氮肥多获产量的目的。