摘要：水稻是起源于低纬度地区的喜温短日作物，因此水稻生长与发育对低温敏感，低温冷害严重影响到了水稻产量。在众多低温冷害类型中，孕穗期低温冷害尤为严重。R727是孕穗期极耐冷的昆明地方粳稻品种昆明小白谷与日本平原粳稻品种十和田杂交后代获得的耐冷性重组自交系。本文选用R727与孕穗期冷敏感籼稻品种93-11构建BC2F2分离群体进行耐冷性QTL定位。多态性SSR标记未能在群体中筛选出连锁标记，表明耐冷性性状可能受多基因控制。未能在BC2F2群体中检测到耐冷性QTL。对低温结实率进行单标记相关分析，在第3染色体上和第7染色体上发现2个耐冷性位点，耐冷性来自于耐冷亲本R727。在第10染色体上发现一个耐冷性位点，耐冷性来自冷敏感亲本93-11。41916

毕业论文关键词：水稻；冷害；孕穗期；QTL

QTL mapping of Cold Tolerance at the Booting Stage in Rice

Abstract：Rice is originated in the low latitude region and suitable to grow in high temperature region, so the rice growth and development are sensitive to low temperature and chilling injury seriously affected the yield of rice. The losses brought by chilling injury at the booting stage are the most serious, comparing with orther growth stages. R727 was recombinant inbred lines which came from Kunmingxiaobaigu(KMXBG) and Towada. KMXBG is one of the most low temperature-tolerant japonica landraces at all growth stages, whereas Towada is one of the least tolerant varieties at the booting stage. One BC2F2 separation backcrossing population derived from R727 and 93-11were used for QTL mapping by constructing genetic linkage map. The SSR markers failed to screen out the linkage marker , indicating that the cold tolerance trait may be controlled by poly-genes. No QTL was detected in BC2F2 population. Single marker analysis revealed that 2 markers associated with cold tolerance on chromosome 3, 7. Two cold tolerance sites were derived from cold resistant parent R727. One marker associated with cold tolerance on chromosome 10, cold resistance derived from cold sensitive parent 93-11.

Key words: Rice；Cold stress；Booting stage；QTL

目  录

摘要2

关键词2

Abstract2

Key words2

引言2

1 材料与方法3

1.1 实验材料 3

1.2 实验方法 3

1.2.1 实验材料田间种植3

1.2.2 群体选择及性状调查3

1.2.3 构建极端混池4

1.2.4 引物设计4

1.2.5 PCR反应体系和扩增程序4

1.2.6 PCR产物检测5

1.2.7 连锁图谱构建及QTL定位5

2 实验结果与分析6

2.1 亲本和BC2F2群体成熟期田间结实情况6

2.2 亲本和分离家系结实率分布规律8

2.3 孕穗期耐冷性QTL检测10

2.3.1 共分离标记筛选10

2.3.2 穗期耐冷性QTL检测10

2.3.3 低温结实率与SSR标记相关分析11

3 讨论11

3.1 水稻孕穗期耐冷性鉴定方法及评价指标11

3.2 孕穗期耐冷性鉴定温度和时间的设定12

3.3 孕穗期耐冷性QTL定位12

致谢12

参考文献12

水稻孕穗期耐冷性QTL定位

引言：水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物，全球114个国家或地区种植水稻，总面积达15.4亿hm2。我国是水稻生产大国和消费大国，常年播种水稻面积约3000万hm2，占世界总面积的20%，年产稻谷约1.85亿吨，占世界总产的1/3[1]。水稻起源于低纬度地区，生长发育对环境温度反应敏感。低温很容易造成水稻冷害，严重影响水稻产量[2]。全球每年受冷害面积约1500万hm2，其中水稻主产国中国、日本、印度、韩国冷害问题较为严重[3]。我国所有稻区均受到冷害威胁，每年因冷害造成损失的稻谷约30～100亿kg[4]。