摘要麦类纹枯病是由禾谷丝核菌 (Rhizoctonia cereals Vander Hoeven)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)等病菌引起的一种真菌病害，该病病情发展快，危害重，严重影响麦类作物的产量和品质。另外，我国是人口大国，可有效耕种土地面积较少，对粮食的需求量大，且随着酿酒、饲料、保健等工业的发展，麦类作物的生产逐步呈现商业化的趋势。因此，麦类作物作为主要粮食来源，其产量受到全国各界人士的关注。52878

大麦是我国重要的粮食资源之一，为了研究大麦种质资源抗纹枯病性和遗传多样性，本实验对31个来自不同地区的大麦品种进行了纹枯病抗性鉴定，共筛选出9份对纹枯病抗性较强和4份对纹枯病几乎无抗性的大麦。本研究用21对SSR标记对这31种大麦进行遗传多样性分析，共扩增81个等位变异，每个位点上有2-5个变异，平均每个位点上的变异为3.8571；位点多态性信息量（PIC）变幅为0.1705-0.6861，平均0.4739。聚类分析可将这些供试材料分成2个大类和5个亚类。研究结果表明，大麦种质中抗纹枯病材料丰富且蕴含着丰富的遗传变异，可为大麦抗纹枯病的遗传改良提供重要的基因资源。

Abstract Barley sheath blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cereals and Rhizoctonia solani and so on. The disease has rapidly progression, heavily damage, and it seriously affects the yield and quality of crops. While China is a populous country, and less arable land area, the demand for food is very great, and with the development of wine, feed, health care and other industries, the barley crop production showed commercial trend. Therefore, the wheat crops as the main source of food, its production cases various sectors of the national attention. 

Barley is one of the important food resources in China. In order to evaluate the sheath blight resistance and genetic persity of barley germplasm, 31 barley varieties from different areas were used in this study. Sheath blight resistance evaluation at seedling stage in greenhouse showed that 8 varieties were resistant to sheath blight while 4 accessions were sensitive to sheath blight. In addition, 21 SSR (single sequence repeat) markers located on the 7 barley chromosomes were employed to characterize the genetic persity of 31 varieties. The results revealed that 21 pairs of primers yielded polymorphism among the 31 varieties, and 81 alleles were identified, with a range of 2-5 alleles per locus. In addition, there was an average of 3.8574 alleles per locus. Loci polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.1705 to 0.6861 with an average of 0.4739. By using cluster analysis method, the 31 barley accessions could be classified into 2 groups and 5 sub-groups.

毕业论文关键词： 大麦；纹枯病； SSR分析标记； 聚类分析

Key words:  barley; sheath blight; SSR; cluster analysis

目录

摘   要 2

Abstract 2

引言 4

1  材料与方法 5

1.1 试验材料 5

1.2 培养方法 6

1.2.1 大麦种子的消毒及发芽培养 6

1.2.2立枯丝核菌的扩大培养 6

1.2.3大麦纹枯病的诱导感染 7

1.3 抗性鉴定方法 7

1.4 SSR分析方法 7

1.4.1  DNA提取 7

1.4.2  SSR引物的筛选 7

1.4.3  PCR扩增 7