摘    要杭州市位于中国东南沿海、钱塘江下游、京杭大运河南端，是浙江省的政治、经济、文化和金融中心，中国七大古都之一。其气候温和，土壤肥沃，雨水充沛，是天然的蚕桑养殖区域。唐宋以来，随着全国经济中心的南移，杭州逐渐成为丝织业的中心，出现了不少丝织名产。因此，杭州享有“丝绸之府”的美誉。89797

欧洲工业后，资本主义国家纷纷采用机械化生产，对生丝的要求日益严格，尤其是邻国日本丝业的崛起，使我国传统的手工缫丝无法再适应国际市场的新需求，我国生丝逐渐受到排挤，大有江河日下之势。为了挽救中国的丝织业，全国主要蚕丝生产地区都进行了蚕丝改良运动。杭州在这一改良浪潮中也算是走在了全国的前列。

杭州丝织业的改良最显著的方面就是蚕丝教育的开办，我国最早的蚕丝教育机构就是杭州府太守林启于1897年在杭州创办的蚕学馆。在蚕丝教育的推动下，蚕种的改良和机械缫丝的引进也进一步推动了近代杭州丝织业的改良。杭州丝织业经过一系列的改良，可以说是卓有成效。但由于帝国主义的扼丝引绸政策，清政府对丝织业征收重税，加上封建生产关系的束缚，以及技术保守，设备落后的缺点，导致杭州的丝织业的发展仍旧相当缓慢。但杭州丝织业的改良在当时对全国丝织业的发展的借鉴意义还是不容小觑的。

毕业论文关键词： 近代； 杭州； 丝织业； 蚕丝改良

Abstract Hangzhou is located in the southeast coast of China, the lower reaches of the Qiantang River and south of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal。 Hangzhou is the political, economic, cultural and financial center of Zhejiang province。 It is also one of the seven ancient capitals of China。 It has mild climate, fertile soil and abundant rain, so it is a natural silkworm breeding areas。 Since the Tang and Song dynasty, along with the center of national economic moved south。  Hangzhou has gradually become the center of silk industry,  and appeared a lot of special silk product。 Therefore, Hangzhou enjoys a reputation of "Silk City"。

In Europe, after the industrial revolution, the capitalist countries adopt mechanization production one after another。 And becoming more and more strict to the requirement of raw silk。 Especially the rise of Japanese silk industry, make  our traditional manual reeling silk unable to adapt to the new requirements of the international market, Chinese silk gradually pushed aside, and has a declining trend。 In order to save Chinese silk industry, mainly silk production areas across the country have the silk reform movement。 Hangzhou is taking the lead nationwide in this trend。

The most significant aspect of Hangzhou silk industry improvement is silk education。 The earliest silk education institutions in China is silkworm school, Hangzhou prefecture Lin Qi founded it in Hangzhou in 1897。 Under the impetus of the silk education, improvement of silkworm egg and the introduction of mechanical filature also further promote the improvement of Hangzhou silk industry in modern。 After a series of improvement, Hangzhou silk industry has a significant development。 But as a result of the capitalist countries plunder raw silk and dump silk, the Qing government has a heavy tax on silk, the constraints of feudal production relations, conservative technology, the backward equipment, The development of silk production in Hangzhou is still quite slow。 But the improvement Hangzhou silk industry has a great significance for reference to the development of the national silk industry at that time 。

Keyword:  modern； Hangzhou； silk industry；the improvement of silk

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