摘要：本文根据JC型弹性旁承体的CAD图，通过ANSYSworkbench软件建立三维的有限元模型，针对其力学性能进行仿真测试，并结合MATLAB软件计算出相关的力学参数，从而的得出旁承的振动特性。本文首先介绍了列车橡胶旁承的限元模型的建立过程，并且对列车橡胶旁承的垂向，侧向分别施加及集中载荷和均布载荷，经过软件分析，得出旁承的应力，应变和位移云图。ANSYS有限元分析结果分析中显示了旁承结构的受力特点和应力、应变和形变的分布情况。对云图做出了相关解释，并在本文结论处对旁承的结构设计提出改进的建议。研究表明，列车橡胶旁承在施加垂向力时，变形最大区域在于橡胶中部，应力应变最大区域在于橡胶和钢铁的交界处，优化交界处的形状，减少应力集中现象，可以延长列车橡胶旁承的使用寿命。

在对橡胶旁承做动态力学分析时，将旁承分为Mooney-Rivlin和Yeoh两种模型，分别对其施加垂向均布载荷，从而获得两种不同模型的非线性刚度，对旁承建立自由振动微分方程，将求得的两种本构模型的非线性刚度代入微分方程中，通过MATLAB软件求解相频和幅频特性曲线，并且利用有限元软件对旁承进行瞬态力学分析，对旁承的侧向以及垂向施加简谐激励，得出两种模型的振动传递特性。最后绘制庞克莱映射图和混沌分岔图。结果表明，橡胶旁承的刚度具有非线性的特点，这也导致了旁承的幅频对旁承进行特性和相频特性也具有非线性的特点，Yeoh模型比Mooney-Rivlin模型更能反映振动的动态特性。在简谐激励的作用下，列车旁承的应力应变以及位移都呈现出简谐状态，垂向激励和侧向激励相互影响，扩大了外激励对旁承的影响。旁承随着时间的推移由一开始的周期运动进入到混沌状态，此后，旁承的速度、位移将不可预测。

这些结论对列车旁承的结构优化改进提供数据支撑并且对橡胶原件的设计具有一定意义。

关键字：列车旁承；本构模型；有限元；振动特性

Abstract：In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model is established by ANSYS workbench software according to the CAD graph of JC-type elastic sidebody. The mechanical properties are simulated and tested. The mechanical parameters are calculated by MATLAB software, characteristic. In this paper, the establishment of the finite element model of the rubber bearing is introduced, and the vertical and lateral loads of the rubber and the load are uniformly distributed and the load is uniformly distributed. After the software analysis, the stress and strain And displacement cloud. ANSYS finite element analysis results show the stress characteristics of the bearing structure and the distribution of stress, strain and deformation. And the relevant explanations are made to the cloud diagram, and the suggestions for improving the structural design of the adjacency are proposed at the conclusion of this paper. The results show that the maximum area of deformation is in the middle of the rubber, and the maximum area of stress and strain is the interface between rubber and steel. The shape of the junction is optimized and the stress concentration is reduced, which can extend the service life of the rubber side of the train.

In the dynamic mechanical analysis of the rubber bearing, the adjacent bearing is pided into Mooney-Rivlin and Yeoh models, and the vertical uniform load is applied respectively to obtain the nonlinear stiffness of the two different models. Free vibration differential equation, the nonlinear stiffness of the two constitutive models is substituted into the differential equation, and the phase frequency and amplitude-frequency characteristic curves are solved by MATLAB software. The finite element software  is used to analyze the transient mechanics. The lateral transmission of the two models is applied to the lateral and vertical directions, and the vibration transfer characteristics of