太空碎片的激光清理技术研究
关键词 空间碎片清除；激光；冲量耦合系数
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Space debris cleaning by pulse laser
Abstract
Space debris constitutes a significant hazard to satellites and particularly to manned spacecraft. A proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser to make plasma jets on the debris，slowing them sufficiently, causing them to de-orbit ，to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. This solution is based on momentum transferred between high power pulse laser and metal debris. For measuring the impulse coupling coefficient between the laser and the target，a new experimental facility for combining pendulum with light—electric tachometer and blade is presented．To study the effect of laser power density on impulse coupling coefficient during laser irradiation metal target interaction at air ambient，this experimental facility is used to measure the impulse of pendulum get from Laser with a series of laser power density by changing laser spot size on the target. so the relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and laser power density is achieved. The experimental result is explained based on the relational theory and the trends of theory and experiment are the same．Finally a model is given for calculating the impulse coupling coefficient.
Keywords Space debris removal：Laser；Impulse coupling coefficient
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 现有应对空间碎片的方案 1
1.2国内外空间碎片清除技术研究状况 2 1.3 激光推移离轨清除技术 3
1.4 本文主要内容简介 4
2 理论分析 7
2.1激光与物质相互作用7
2.2激光对靶材的冲量传递 9
2.3实验参数对冲量耦合系数测量的影响 12
3 实验研究 15
3.1实验装置 15
3.2实验原理 18
3.3实验方案 20
3.4数据处理 23
3.5实验结果 24
3.6透明蒸气区域透射率 30
3.6实验方案比较 32
4 实验结果分析 35
结论 37
致谢 39
参考文献 41
附录A.1实验激光器输出能量标定数据 45
附录A.2方案A三类靶材于45度、90度入射激光下位移标定数据 46
附录A.3方案B三类靶材于45度、90度入射激光下位移标定数据 47
1 绪论
自20世纪60年代初人类开展太空探索活动以来，近地空间内的空间碎片数量与日俱增，现今其总数已经超过4000万颗 。现今已有多次航天器及卫星受空间碎片撞击损坏甚至废弃的事故发生，近地空间内越来越多的空间碎片已经严重的威胁到在轨航天器的安全。为了保证未来航天活动存在一个安全的太空环境，清除空间碎片已成为未来航天活动中迫切需要解决的现实问题。
1.1 现有应对空间碎片的方案
在人们意识到空间碎片危害的初期，由于空间碎片的数目较少其尚未引起人们足够的重视。伴随航天活动的日渐频繁，近地空间内空间碎片的数目与日俱增。面对来自空间碎片的危害，我们有已经发展成熟的空间碎片危害应对方案。
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