摘要：激光准直技术在我们日常生活中运用的越来越广泛了，但是由于激光存在的漂移现象而使得测量精度难以提高。鉴于激光轴线对准的主题过于宽泛，为了更加清晰展现该项技术的研究状况，本论文就以对某个长物件的表面直线度的研究为突破口。本论文是基于光楔形平板的激光干涉理论，着重介绍了对干涉条纹的光电处理以及条纹移动量如何随长物件表面的直线度而变化的过程。主要包括准直技术的背景及研究成果、光学线路的设计、光电转化及处理、干涉条纹移动量的计算这四大模块。另外，还包括对方案中存在误差的原因的分析以及对方案的完善的一些不太成熟的构想。64521

毕业论文关键词：激光、干涉条纹、直线度、误差分析

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title       The research of alignment technology by the axis of laser                                           

Abstract The technology of laser alignment in our daily lives is more and more widely utilized, but the presence of the laser drift makes it difficult to improve measurement accuracy. Because the theme of the research of alignment technology by the axis of laser is too broad, in order to more clearly show the status of the technology research, the research is based on the object's surface for a long straightness of a breakthrough. This paper is based on the optical wedge plate laser interference theory focuses on optical interference fringe movement processing and how long the object surface with the straightness of the process of change. Including collimation technical background and research results, the optical circuit design, photoelectric conversion and processing, calculation of the amount of interference fringes move these four modules. In addition, it also includes analysis of the causes with the errors in the program and some less mature ideas in the improvement of the program.

Keywords  Laser，Interference fringes，Straightness，Error analysis 

1  引言 1

1．1  课题背景和意义 1

1．2  激光准直的方案 2

1.2.1  振幅测量型 2

1.2.2  相位测量型 2

1.2.3  偏振测量型 2

1．3  激光准直技术的发展状况 3

2  激光干涉准直原理 3

2．1  激光干涉测量法的分类 3

2.1.1  楔形板干涉法 3

2.1.2  双频激光干涉法 3

2.1.3  光栅衍射干涉法 4

2．2  系统工作原理 4

3  光学线路的设计 4

3．1  干涉理论 4

3．2  楔形平板的干涉原理 5

3．3  光学器件的选择 7

3.3.1  激光发射装置 7

3.3.2  准直扩束装置 7

3.3.3  光学楔形平板 8

3.3.4  光电转换器件 9

4  系统设计 10

4．1   光电信号的处理模块