摘要随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，雾霾天气的发生越来越频繁,其中含有的颗粒污染物成分复杂，特别是在经济发达的长三角地区。本论文着重研究分析苏州市某城区两个月内收集的大气颗粒物，分析放射性核素的种类和含量，进而评价可吸入颗粒带来的吸收剂量率。研究工作以悬浮颗粒物PM2.5和PM10样品为对象，利用HPGe γ能谱仪系统分析得出：在2015年7月到8月所考察时间段内采集的大气悬浮颗粒物样品中放射性核素228Ac,212Pb,208Tl,214Pb,214Bi的比活度分别为194.5±34.7（144.2～261.6）Bq/kg,163.2±21.5（136.7～204.1）Bq/kg,550.6±41.4（460.7～604.3）Bq/kg,456.6±78.4（166.9～709.3）Bq/kg,376.4±45.2（157.8～488.5）Bq/kg。228Ac,212Pb、,208Tl,214Bi波动范围不大，属于正常值；214Pb的比活度波动幅度大，达到的峰值也最大。68927

毕业论文关键词  大气悬浮颗粒物  PM2.5  PM10  放射性核素  HPGe γ能谱分析

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title   The Basic Investigation of the activity of Radionuclide in  the Air Suspend Particle Collected From One City in Jiangsu Province 

Abstract

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the occurrence of haze weather is more and more frequent,the elements of particulate matter(PM) are very complex,especially in the Yangtze River Delta region,where the economy is prosperous.This study focus on the analysis of the atmospheric particulates gathered in one urban area of Suzhou City during two months.To evaluate the absorbed dose rate brought by  inhalable particles, this study also the analyze  the kind of and quantity of radioactive nuclide.PM2.5 and PM10 are considered as objects,measured by  HPGeγEDS ( Energy Disperse Spectroscopy ) ,the result shows that the  specific activity of these five kinds of radioactive nuclide  228Ac,212Pb,208Tl,214Pb and 214Bi is 194.5±34.7（144.2～261.6）Bq/kg,163.2±21.5（136.7～204.1）Bq/kg,550.6±41.4（460.7～604.3）Bq/kg,456.6±78.4（166.9～709.3）Bq/kg and 376.4±45.2（157.8～488.5）Bq/kg respectively.The fluctuation of  228Ac,212Pb, 208Tl and 214Bi is not very remarkable,but the fluctuation of 214Pb is wild.Meanwhile,the peak value of specific activity of 214Pb is the highest among these five radionuclides.

Keywords  suspended particulate matter  PM2.5  PM10  radionuclide HPGeγEnergy Disperse Spectroscopy   

目   次

1  绪论 1

1.1  放射性污染的危害 1

1.1.1  放射性危害的原理 1

1.1.2 对健康的影响   1

1.2  大气悬浮污染物概述 2

1.2.1  大气污染物2

1.2.2  悬浮颗粒物的来源3

1.2.3  悬浮颗粒物的危害及相关放射性 3    

1.3  研究现状7

1.4  研究目的8

2  实验方法9

2.1  样品采集9

2.2  测量方法9

2.2.1  HPGe能谱测量9

2.2.2  低本底α/β测量仪PAB-6000型测量10

3  数据结果12

3.1  HPGeγ能谱仪测量结果12

3.1.1  PM2.5测量结果12

3.1.2  PM10测量结果16

3.2  低本底α/β测量结果19

4  结果分析与讨论21

4.1  PM2.5 HPGeγ谱仪测量结果分析21

4.2  PM10 HPGeγ谱仪测量结果分析26

4.3  PM2.5低本底α/β PAB-6000型测量结果分析31

结论  35

致谢  36

参考文献37

１　绪论

1.1　放射性污染的危害