2。 Literature Review

     Skopos theory is an important theory of functionalist translation。 The theory of functionalist translation, represented by Reiss, Vermeer, Nord and so on emphasizes that translation is the communication activities that have a clear purpose and intention。 And it should be translated from the perspective of translation theory, so as to provide a new perspective for the study of translation theory (Wang&Zhang 5)。

2。1 The definition of skopos theory

     Skopos theory holds that the first rule of translation is the rule of purpose (Nord 21)。 The purpose of the law is not only out of the "principle of equivalence" of the film name of the guide and reduces the original film name in the translation process of the guidance and dominance which helps the translator to develop his own initiative in the process of translation to play the advantages of the target language and make the translation more satisfactory。 Skopos theory also argues that translation is a kind of behavior and the purpose of a specific translation task determines translation。 Any act has its own purpose and the  purpose of the translation decide which methods and strategies should be adopted (Newmark 42)。 

2。2 The origin and development of skopos theory来自优O尔P论R文T网WWw.YoueRw.com 加QQ7520`18766

In the 1970s, skopos theory was on the upgrade in Germany。 Two prominent (German theorists, Katherina Reiss and Vermeer,J The Vermeer) proposed the "teleology" which get rid of the traditional "equivalent" theory of constraints and put forward "teleology" which is the theory of applying skopos concept to translate。 The purpose of the whole translation is the core concept of translation process。 The basic theory of skopos theory are behavior theory and communication theory (Vermeer 2)。 The skopos theory holds that translation is not simply the original text-based symbolic transformation but also a complex behavior for the realization of cross-culture and cross-language communication of information。 Vermeer that "translation means in a particular environment for specific purposes for specific recipients of translation (Wang&Zhang 12)。 And its development has gone through the following four stages。

The first stage: Katherine Rice introduced the functional category into translation criticism for the first time, linking the language function, discourse type and translation strategy to develop a translation criticism model based on the functional relationship between source text and target language。

The second stage: Vermeer made a teleology, translation studies from the original center of the shackles of free。 This theory holds that translation is a purposeful and fruitful act based on the original text (Vermeer 2)。 The translation must follow a series of rules that the translation depends on the purpose of translation, including three principles: skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule。

The third stage: Jasta Hortz-Mantari draws on the theory of communication and behavior, proposes the theory of translation behavior, and further develops the functionalist translation theory。

The fourth stage: Christina Nord comprehensive summary and perfect functional theory。 Nord argues that the translator has a responsibility for the recipient of the translation and must explain to them what he has done and why he has done so。 This is one aspect of the loyalty principle。 Another aspect of this principle is to require the translator to be faithful to the original author。 The translator should show his respect for the original author and balance the target language with author 's intention (Nord 25)。

2。3 The principles of skopos theory 论文网

    Skopos theory holds the opinion that all translation should follow the following three rules: skopos rule; coherence rule; fidelity rule; loyalty principle。