3。 Cooperative Learning

3。1 Definition of cooperative learning

Cooperative learning, also known as collaborative learning or joint learning, is a kind of teaching theory and strategy system which was developed in the United States in the 1970s。 In the discussion of cooperative learning, the expression of cooperative learning is varied。 The main founders of cooperative learning, the Johnson brothers of the United States express cooperative leaning as a team leaning relationship which requires positive interdependence(a sense of ups and downs and altogether)、inpidual responsibility(everybody contributes to learning)、interpersonal skills (communication, trust, leadership, decision-making and conflict resolution), face-to-face interactions, and process analysis(reflect on how well the group functions and how to play better)(Johnson 32)。 Some researchers in Canada believe that cooperative learning is a teaching method that organizes students to learn and interact with each other in class to make learning more effective。 Other cooperative learning researchers in the United States call cooperative learning as "teaching mode" in a number of articles。 According to Wang Tan, a well-known cooperative researcher in China, "Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy system which aims at promoting students to cooperate and achieve common learning goals in heterogeneous groups and based on the overall achievements of the group。