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Content schema means that the background knowledge a learner possessing, which is related to the certain passage. Cultural peculiarity leaves an important impact. For instance, some words, like church, Christmas, which are integrated with cultural difference, are hard for people who don’t have related cultural background knowledge in mind. Generally speaking, students with background knowledge of western cultural are able to learn English faster than who is not, because background knowledge can cover the shortage of morphology and syntax, which benefit the learner a lot in understanding the material. Anderson and Pearson thought that the more related schemata a learner get, the better they can understand by reading and recall. So is listening understanding. Thus, in listening teaching, strengthening culture introduction is pretty important.
Formal schema means that types, forms, structures, rhetorical device of literature in learner’ mind. Every single passage is of certain formal, such as story, allegory, expository essay, argumentation, narration and so on. How information emerges is different in different types of passage. However, it is essential for learners to recall and understand. The richer formal schemata in a learner’s mind are, the easier he can recall and understand the text. Thus, in listening teaching, strengthening knowledge of text formal is important.