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Culture Connotations Reflected in The Loons--by Analyzing the Paradoxical Attitudes of Main Characters
Abstract Colonization of European countries transferred Canada into a society of multiculturalism. Accordingly, the resulting conflicts among disparate cultures and religions were embodied in the process of cultural oppression and assimilation, which was a long-existing problem in Canadian society. The uprising of the Métis in the end of the 19th century was part of those conflicts. The loons was written on the basis of that historical background with high artistic quality. This literary work on cultural marginalized races in Canadian society written by Margaret Laurence, a Canadian novelist and short story writer, displays a unique perspective of the plight of marginalized people by presenting the paradoxical feelings of two main characters. By dissecting their mixed attitudes, the thesis will give an analysis on the cultural connotations reflected in the relationship between the marginalized and the dominant as well as the vicious circle that may take shape in the society.47902
Key words: paradoxical attitudes; ambivalence; loss of identity; the vicious circle
《潜鸟》中体现的文化内涵——通过解析小说中主要人物的矛盾态度
摘要早期的殖民主义使得加拿大在成为一个多文化国家的同时，也使其因民族之间文化差异衍生出复杂的文化冲突以及社会问题。加拿大女作家玛格丽特·劳伦斯的作品《潜鸟》就描写了梅蒂斯女孩皮格特面对边缘化处境的困惑， 绝望和痛苦。
《潜鸟》人物刻画细腻，寓意深刻。通过白人女孩瓦妮莎的视角，小说描述了梅蒂斯女孩皮格特的悲剧命运。但除了表达对边缘人处境的同情之外，小说其实暗含了两位主人公各自的矛盾态度。本文试通过对二者矛盾态度的分析，揭露其中暗含的文化内涵。
除引言和结论外，本文分为三个部分，第一部分立足于文本，分析了小说两位主人公各自的矛盾态度在文本中的直接体现。第二部分分析了这种态度产生的原因。第三部分通过对二者各自矛盾态度的分析，表现了后殖民主义理论中关于殖民关系所内含的矛盾性, 以及边缘人身份的丢失在小说《潜鸟》中的体现，并对这种矛盾性可能对社会造成的恶性循环提出猜测。其文化内涵不仅反映了作者对当时社会的思考，也从不同角度引发了读者对边缘化背景下社会状态的思考。
毕业论文关键词：矛盾态度；矛盾性；身份丢失；恶性循环
Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Researches both at Home and Abroad 1
1.3 Literature Review 1
2. The Paradoxical Attitudes of Main Characters 3
2.1 Vanessa’s Mixed Feelings towards Piquette 3
2.1.1 Sympathy and Guilt 3
2.1.2 Contempt and Indifference 3
2.2 Piquette’s Contradictory Feelings to the Dominant 4
2.2.1 Apathy and Rudeness 4
2.2.2 Vitality and Enthusiasm 5
3. The Reasons for the Paradoxical Attitudes 6
3.1 Main Causes of Vanessa’s Attitudes 6
3.1.1 The Witness of Piquette’s Struggle 6
3.1.2 The Sense of Superiority 6
3.1.3 The Failure of Being Intimate Friends