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2.3.3 Discrepancies of values on translating the introduction of tourist attractions.6
2.3.4 Discrepancies of religion and custom on translating the introduction of tourist attractions.6
3 Translation Problems Manifested in the Introduction of Tourist Attractions.8
3.1 Linguistic Errors.8
3.1.1 Pseudo-equivalence.9
3.1.2 Verbose diction9
3.1.3 Flowery diction10
3.2 Cultural Errors12
3.2.1 Cultural errors caused by cultural differences.12
3.2.2 Cultural errors caused by cultural default.13
4 Strategical Significance of the Cross-Cultural Awareness in Translating the Introduction of Tourist Attractions15
4.1 Strategical Significance of Cross-Cultural Awareness.15
4.2 Methods or Strategies for Translating the Introduction of Tourist Attractions.16
4.2.1 Explanation16
4.2.2 Addition.17
4.2.3 Analogy18
4.2.4 Deletion.18
4.2.5 Adjustment.19
5 Conclusion21
Bibliography22
1 Introduction
It has been known well that China is a country with an ancient civilization dated back to several thousand years ago and is also endowed with abundant tourist resources. Its splendid ancient civilization and beautiful scenic spots cast an irresistible charm on the people of the whole world. According to World Tourism Organization’s prediction, in 2020, China will become a top tourist destination throughout the whole world with the capacity of hosting more than 1.137 billion foreigners (Hong Ming, 2006: 56). Moreover, with its entry into the WTO, and its successful holding of the 2008 Olympic Games and the 2010 World Expo, the tourism industry in China has stepped into a new era: tourism is becoming one of the most powerful industries in China in the 21st century. Therefore, translation of tourist attractions introduction in English is playing a more and more important role in China's tourism development. However, at present, many English versions of tourist attractions introduction are poorly translated, which is liable to lead to communication breakdown or misunderstandings among foreign tourists and fail to achieve the function as intended. The future of China’s tourist industry is bright, but its current situation is not that promising. So, in order to promote the development of Chinese tourism and improve China’s international competition, an in-depth study on translating the introduction of tourist attractions is in urgent demand.
This thesis is intended to conduct a comparatively systematic study on the significance of the translation of tourist attractions introduction from the perspective of cross-cultural awareness. The paper begins with a brief introduction to relations between culture, tourism, language and translation, and cultural differences between the west and east. It continues with discussions on the problems of translating the introduction of tourist attractions. Finally, significance and translation strategies for the tour guides to applicate cross-cultural awareness in translating the introduction of tourist attractions are presented. Therefore, translators can transfer Chinese cultural information to foreign friends effectively and accurately, letting them enjoy the beautiful scenery in China.
2 Cultural Factors Influencing the Translation of the Introduction of Tourist Attractions
Since cross-cultural awareness plays an important role in translating the introduction of tourist attractions, this section will first introduce the definition of culture, then discuss relations between culture, tourism, language and translation, and finally dissect potential cultural differences between the east and west.
2.1 Interpretations of Culture
As early as 1952, Kroeber and Kluckhohn listed 164 definitions that they had found in the anthropology (Samovar, 2000: 35). There appeared so many delineations of the term “culture” because different scholars in different fields presented their different understandings of the term. They defined “culture” as understood in their field of interest and they attempted to make a complete definition that could involve every aspect of culture. However, every definition has always given the feature of its presenter, which other scholars could not accept. As a result, more and more definitions are presented. Up to date no one definition has gained universal acceptance. But people can get a general idea about "culture" from various definitions; meanwhile, it of great help for them to comprehend the complication of culture.