Abstract Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s masterpiece, is regarded as one of the significant and influential works in the history of English literature. In Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy uses many biblical allusions to characterize the heroine Tess, male characters Alec and Angel, the scenes etc. With these prototypes, Hardy’s religious thoughts can be seen. In this thesis, a detailed discussion will be provided to analyze archetypal images in the novel, including the archetypes of Tess-- Eve、Jesus and Job; the archetype of Alec—Satan; the archetype of Angel—Angel; the archetype of Talbothays—the Garden of Eden, and the archetype of Altar—Stonehenge. By doing so, we will understand Tess’s tragedy better and have a better understanding of the intention and emotion of Thomas Hardy which reflects his religious thoughts from the view of biblical archetype.68990

Key Words: Tess of the D’Urbervilles     the Bible     Hardy     archetype 

摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的代表作之一，被誉为英国文学史上最重要最有影响力的作品之一。在《德伯家的苔丝》一文中，在塑造女主人公苔丝和另外两个男主角克莱尔和安吉尔以及场景等时，托马斯·哈代使用了大量的引用，尤其是圣经原型的引用来表达他的宗教思想。在我的论文中将会从圣经原型的角度对哈代的背景以及《德波家的苔丝》的内容进行探讨研究，包括苔丝的原型--夏娃、耶稣及约伯；亚雷的原型--亚当；安吉·克莱尔的原型--天使；苔丝工作地点的原型--伊甸园；苔丝被捕的地点的原型--祭祀场。通过这样，我们可以更好地理解苔丝的悲剧并对托马斯·哈代通过他写作意图和感情所表现的宗教思想有一个更深的理解。

毕业论文关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》     《圣经》     哈代     原型 

Contents

Abstract i

摘要 ii

Introduction 1

Chapter One The Archetypal Characters in Tess of the D’Urbervilles 3

1. Multiple Archetypal Embodiments of the Heroine ---Tess 3

2. The Archetype of Satan-- Alec 7

3. The Archetype of Angel -- Angel 8

Chapter Two The Archetypal Scenes in Tess of the D’Urbervilles 10

1. The Scene Attaches to Eden 10

2. The Scene Attaches to Stonehenge 11

Conclusion 13

Works Cited 15

Biblical Archetypes in Tess of the D’Urbervilles 

Introduction

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is considered as one of the most outstanding novelists and poets in the Victorian Age where he inherits and carries forward the Victorian cultural tradition in his writing. Hardy plays an important role in the history of English literature. He is inspired as “Shakespeare” in the British Fiction history. However, Hardy devoted himself to poems in his later years and gained wide attention  and appreciation because of poems. In his life, thirteen novels and many short stories and poems were published. Such as Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, Under the Greenwood Tree, Desperate Remedies, The Return of the Native and so on. In the later half of the 19th century, due to the rapid development of British capitalism, people in rural society lead a miserable life under the control of bourgeoisie and capitalism. The rural society came to its destruction. From the social reality of what misery and disaster peasants have suffered, Thomas Hardy saw the cruel and selfish nature of capitalism, and he fell into pessimistic and despair of the capitalist society and Christianity. And later, he was influenced by the theory of biological evolution of Darwin. All these make Hardy gradually becomes a religious skeptic. In 1864, Hardy began to attack Christian moral hypocrisy and rigid dogma, to question the Christian, and to reveal the rebellious tendency. In many of his novels, especially in Tess of the D’Urbervilles, he shows his double and rebellion towards Christianity.