Chapter Two Introduction

2。1 The theory of transfer

2。1。1 The basic concept of the transfer theory

In 1960s, cognitive psychologist Ausubel put forward the concept of cognitive structure。 Cognitive structure is the knowledge structure in the students’ minds, because of the effect of the existing knowledge in the students’ minds on learning new knowledge。 Ausubel thought that transfer was a kind of cognitive activity, which reflected the inpidual initiative process。 Its essence is the mutual influence and interaction between the original cognitive structure and the new learning knowledge, so as to form a new cognitive structure。 Transfer is the impact from one study to another study, existing in a variety of contents and forms of learning, also existing in language study。 In the procedure of language study, transfer refers to the influence of any language that the learners have already mastered on learning the target language。 In Behaviorism theory, there is usually transfer from the first language to the second language。 When the two languages have the same or similar form, the first one will produce beneficial language habit of the transfer to the learning of second one, this acquisition role of the first language to the second language, that is, the positive transfer; on the contrary, when the first language has acquisition block to the second one, that is, the negative transfer, also known as interference。 In terms of language transfer, it not only contains the transfer between different languages, namely inter - language transfer, such as the transfer between Chinese and English; but also contains intra - language transfer, such as the English vocabulary learning transfer on reading comprehension and writing in English。 Whether it is intralingual transfer or interlingual transfer, there is always positive or negative transfer of assimilation。 Negative transfer is caused by the different habits of the two languages, which make the second language learning more difficult and often cause mistakes of improper use of mother language knowledge。文献综述

2。1。2 The reasons for the formation of the phenomenon of transfer

From the point of view of phonetics, phonetic transfer is mainly composed of: first, the similarity between the acoustic characteristics of the previously learned language and the target language。 Each language has its own phonetic system and people have skillfully mastered the phonetic system of mother tongue before learning a foreign language, so they do not seriously think about the differences between phoneme and mother tongue pronunciation is just a habit, it is this deep-rooted pronunciation habit that reduces the resolution of other phonetic systems。 Moreover, there is a kind of language bias together with people from an early age, which is only used to use and contact their own phonetic system and not used to use and contact with other speech system。 Therefore, when people learn a new language, vocal organs of them are unable to quickly adapt to the new pronunciation habits, and will often unconsciously bring the features of their native language into the foreign language, such as using their own familiar sound to replace that of the foreign language, which will inevitably lead to errors in pronunciation。 Second, the similarities between the implicit relations of a set of phoneme system and another set of phoneme system。 But we can not currently establish the quantitative relationship between the two factors and the extent of transfer and we also can not conclude that whether these two factors are positively related with the degree of transfer or negative correlation。 The following part will clarify that the drawback of Wu Dialect is mainly a negative role on the English pronunciation learning through a series of descriptions of the phenomena in English learning。来~自,优^尔-论;文*网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-

2。2 The basic introduction to the characteristics of dialect pronunciation