摘要图像在当今社会的地位越来越重要，人们对于它的研究也越来越深入，图像处理在如今的很多领域都有重大发展，如检测火星、月球的图片以及飞机遥感，医学中的CT技术，公安军事中的指纹识别，人脸鉴别，以及交通监控、事故分析等等，因而能熟练对图像进行处理对于人类的工作有着莫大的推动和帮助。86674

    边缘检测作为图像处理的一小部分，它的精确研究对于图像分割等后期工作具有较大的帮助，因而它的重要性不言而喻。在漫长的发展中，关于边缘检测已经研究出了很多经典的算子，每个算子对于同一图像的处理都存在着或多或少的差异，每个算子也都有其各自的特点以及适用的图像。本文主要研究了定位精度高的罗伯特算子、适用于处理灰度的渐变和噪声较多的目标图像的索贝尔算子、能抑制噪声影响的普瑞维特算子、适用于处理任何方向像素点的拉普拉斯以及最多使用的坎尼算子。

    经典的边缘提取方法即上诉提到的经典的算子，在Matlab中已经可以实现直接调用实现正确结果的输出。为了更深入了解边缘检测的原理，所以本文通过Matlab直接构建模板，进行滤波处理等来实现边缘检测，以达到输出正确结果的效果。

    在文章结尾处，通过系统输出的图像处理的结果对于各个算子的效果进行分析，验证每个算子的适用范围。

毕业论文关键词：图像处理；边缘检测；算子；MATLAB

Abstract Image is increasingly important in today's society, people are doing more and more researches on it now,Image processing has major development in many areas today, such as the detection of Mars, the Moon and aircraft remote sensing images, the CT medical technology, public security military fingerprint recognition, face identification, as well as traffic monitoring, accident analysis, etc。, thus being skilled in the image processing has a great help for human promotion and assistance。

As a small part of the edge detection image processing, its precise image segmentation study has a great help for later work,so its importance is self-evident。 In the long development, edge detection has been developed a lot of classic operators, each operator for the same image processing are different, each operator also has its own characteristics and suitable image。 This paper studies the high positioning accuracy of the Roberts operator,Sobel operator is good at shades of gray image processing and noise processing and Prewitt operator which can suppress noise operator,Laplacian for any direction of pixels and the most used Canny operator。

The classic methods of edge extraction of Appeal referred to the classic operator in Matlab can have direct call to achieve the correct result output。 In order to better understand the principles of edge detection, so this template built directly by Matlab, filter processing like edge detection, in order to achieve the correct result output effect。

At the end of the article, analysis the results of image processing through the system output for each operator effectiveness,in order to confirmed the scope of each operator。

 Keywords: image processing；edge detection；operator；MATLAB

目    录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 课题研究目的及意义 1

1。2 国内外研究现状 1

1。3 本课题研究工作与安排 2

第二章 MATLAB简介 3

2。1 MATLAB概述 3