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摘要随着世界经济的快速发展，世界各国都有越来越大的能源需求，太阳能等新型绿色能源和环保能源渐渐成为世界关注的焦点。
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本文基于江苏普通家庭的用电需求，设计了户用光伏系统，并进行了容量设计以及光伏阵列、蓄电池的选择。搭建的户用光伏发电系统是直流母线结构，采用的是最大功率充电法和传统的三阶段充电法相结合的方式。最大功率充电法可以大幅提升电能的转换效率，恒压充电法的作用主要是防止过充电，而浮充充电法能把电量文持到最后，没有太大损耗。
其次进行了充放电控制器的软硬件设计。本系统釆用AT89S51单片机为控制中心，单片机外围电路主要有电源电路、时钟电路和复位电路。充放电电路主电路是boost电路和buck-boost电路，其它还有单相全桥逆变器设计，驱动电路以及以霍尔元器件为核心的采样电路。另外还设计了buck-boost电路的控制策略，来控制蓄电池的充电和放电。软件方面主要设计了主程序流程图和充放电子程序流程图。本文设计的控制器主要有7个工作模式，能实现各部分稳定高效的运行和协调的工作。40856
毕业论文关键词：户用光伏发电系统 最大功率充电 蓄电池控制器 buck-boost电路
Abstract
With the rapid development of world economy, energy demand is increasing in different countries all over the world. Solar energy and other new green energy have become the focus of the world.
This paper designs a photovoltaic power generation system for household, then designs the capacity of photovoltaic power system and chooses the photovoltaic array, as well as battery on a basis of a household electricity demand in Jiangsu. The construction of photovoltaic power generation system is DC bus structure with the maximum power charging method and the traditional three stages charging method. The maximum power charging method has capacity to raise the conversion efficiency from solar energy into electrical energy. The constant voltage charging method prevents overcharge and the floating charging method keeps the battery power, not too big loss.
The last work is the design of the hardware and software of charging and discharging controller. This system uses the AT89S51 microcontroller as the control center and peripheral design mainly includes power circuit, clock circuit and reset circuit. The charging and discharging circuit includes boost circuit and buck-boost circuit. Other parts contain single-phase full-bridge inverter, driving circuit and sampling circuit with Hall element as its core. In addition, the control block diagram of buck-boost circuit is designed to control the charging and discharging of battery. In software, the flow chart of main program and subprogram of charging and discharging is designed. In this paper, the controller has 7 main working modes, which realizes each part to operate steadily and efficiently and work coordinately.
Keywords: household stand-alone photovoltaic system MPPT the battery controller buck-boost circuit
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪论 1
1.1课题研究背景 1
1.1.1世界能源短缺现状 1
1.1.2光伏发电的优势和意义 1
1.2国内外发展现状 2
1.2.1光伏发电方面 2
1.2.2蓄电池控制器方面 3
1.3光伏发电系统的分类 4
1.4户用光伏发电系统 5
1.4.1 户用光伏发电系统的组成部分 5
1.4.2户用光伏发电系统的意义 7
1.5本文主要设计内容 7
2 光伏电池和蓄电池特性 8
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