Net income 338 289 292 60 979

2001

EBITa na na na na na

Net incomeb 425 404 (618)

Yearly change 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

Panel C: percentage changes in key balances and relationships from prior year

Revenues (%) 151 28 54 53 na

Cost of sales (%) 172 32 52 65 na

Gross margin (%) 6。2 13。3 15。6 14。4 21。2

Operating expenses/sales (%) 3。2 7。6 7。9 3 10。7

Depreciation, depletion, etc。/sales (%) 0。8 2。2 2。6 2。9 3。6

a Income before interest, minority interest, and income taxes。

b Before restatement。

(i。e。, evaluations of financial information made by a study of plausible relationships among both financial and non-financial data; AU 329) of Enron’s financial statements would have detected or identified certain things that did not make sense and therefore would have occasioned additional investigations。 Detailed and thorough investigation of the red flags produced by the proper application of analytical procedures could have exposed many of Enron’s problems, or at the least, pointed Andersen, the SEC and savvy analysts in the right direction。

Selected information (and calculations) taken from Enron’s corporation and subsidiaries public financial statements appear in Tables 2–4。2 They highlight changes in Enron’s stock price, income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows over the last several years。

2 Length considerations make the presentation of the full set of financial statements for Enron Corporation for the years in question infeasible。 More complete analyses of Enron’s financial statements are available from the authors。

Table 3

Selected balance sheet and cash flow information for Enron corporation

Area/account 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996

Panel A: percentage changes in key balances from prior year

Current assets (%) 319 22 44