Several modeling issues of wind resources integration in probabilistic reliability assessment have been discussed using several wind generation scenarios。 The availability of wind turbines in the wind farm has impact on the wind generation output and the system reliability。 The joint capacity state model of wind farm that considers wind capacity availability and wind turbine availability has been investigated。 It is recommended that incorporating wind turbine availability in wind integration reliability assessment, especially when wind capacity factor is high is absolutely necessary。 Another important issue that has been discussed is the de-rated transmission upgrade in wind interconnection。 System reliability will be degraded when de-rated transmission upgrade is adopted。 A joint capacity model of wind generation and transmission is proposed in order to identify the appropriate  target  capacity  of  transmission  upgrade。     The

reliability cost of using de-rated transmission upgrade can be calculated by the proposed method and framework presented in this paper。 In conclusion, the probabilistic reliability models and methods presented in this paper are simple and easy to use and can be applied to practical large power systems to investigate the system reliability impacts from large wind energy penetration。

V。Disclaimer

This paper does not reflect in any form and manner the position of the California ISO。 Any errors and omissions are the sole responsibilities of the authors。

VI。References

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