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摘要聚氯乙烯，英文简称PVC（Polyvinyl chloride polymer = PVC 分子结构），是由氯乙烯在引发剂作用下聚合而成的热塑性树脂。是氯乙烯的均聚物。在工业、生活中均有广泛应用。
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本设计为年产30万吨聚氯乙烯车间工艺设计，反应机理是：单体以小液滴状悬浮在水中的聚合方法。先将去离子水加入聚合釜内，在搅拌下继续加入分散剂水溶液和其他聚合助剂，再加入引发剂，上入孔盖密闭，充氮试压检漏，抽真空或充氮排除釜内空气，最后加入VCM；将釜温升至预定温度进行聚合，反应至预定压降（转化率）即加入终止剂，回收未反应单体；PVC浆料经汽提脱除残留单体、离心洗涤分离、干燥等工序，即包装成PVC树脂产品。设计针对聚合反应釜进行了物料衡算、热量衡算，在此基础上通过分析工艺流程，选择出了工艺设备并计算，绘制了带控制点的流程图、并编制了设计说明书和计算书。24252
毕业论文关键词： 聚氯乙烯；悬浮聚合；反应釜；工艺设计
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride，English referred to as PVC, which is composed of vinyl chloride in initiator polymerization under the action of a thermoplastic resin, and it is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride. Are widely used in industrial, normal life.
The design for the annual output of 300000 tons of PVC plant design process, the reaction mechanism is: Monomers with small droplets suspended in the polymerization in water.The deionized water into the kettle,continue adding agent water solution polymerization and other additives dispersed in the stirring,adding initiator, close the manhole covers,nitrogen pressure leak test, vacuum or nitrogen removal reactor air,finally joining the VCM.The reactor temperature to a predetermined temperature of polymerization, reaction to a predetermined voltage drop(conversion) joined the terminator, un reacted monomer recovery;The PVC slurry stripping removal of residual monomers, centrifugal separation, washing, drying, packaging into PVC resin products.According to the design of polymerization reactor for the material balance, heat balance, on the basis of the analysis of process,Select the process equipment and calculation, draw the flow chart with control points, and the preparation of the design specifications and calculations.
KeyWords：PVC; suspension polymerization; agitated reactor; process design
目 录
1 综述 1
1.1 聚氯乙烯简介 1
1.1.1 聚氯乙烯的发现与来源 1
1.1.2 聚氯乙烯制品的用途与应用技术 2
1.1.3 聚氯乙烯的发展状况 3
1.2 聚氯乙烯合成方法 5
1.2.1 聚氯乙烯（PVC）工艺简介 5
1.2.2典型聚合工艺概述 6
2 聚氯乙烯工艺过程 9
2.1 主要原料说明 9
2.1.1 乙炔 9
2.1.2 氯化氢 10
2.1.3氯乙烯 11
2.1.4 其他辅助原料 12
2.2 氯乙烯的合成 13
2.2.1氯乙烯的合成 13
2.2.2 工艺流程 15
2.2.3 主要工艺参数 16
2.2.4 氯乙烯产品规格 17
2.3 聚合工序 17
2.3.1 氯乙烯悬浮聚合的主要原、辅材料 17
2.3.2 氯乙烯悬浮聚合生产配方 21
2.3.3 悬浮聚合生产PVC产品规格 21
2.3.4 PVC生产工艺聚合工段的工艺流程 22
3 物料衡算 23
3.1 计算依据 23
3.1.1 计算标准 23
3.1.2 化学反应式 24