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设计总说明目前我国一硝基甲苯及其衍生物的开发发展迅猛，产品价格低廉，在国际上有很大竞争力。可以用甲苯硝化合成一硝基甲苯（邻硝基甲苯、间硝基甲苯、对硝基甲苯＝60:4:36），其中邻硝基甲苯的生成比例最大，但是市场上对硝基甲苯的需求量却较大，这就造成邻硝基甲苯生产的过剩。邻硝基苯乙酸是一种具有广泛用途的有机中间体，其传统的合成方法所用的原料（邻硝基苯乙腈）不易得到。因此研究以邻硝基甲苯为原料来合成邻硝基苯乙酸的工艺具有很高的实用价值。24429
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邻硝基苯乙酸的合成工艺有四种成熟的实验室合成方法。经过反复比较和确认，本设计最终采用工业化可行性和可操作性最大的缩合氧化法。并以此工艺路线为基准开发并转化为实际工业生产过程。
采用现在市场中方便易得的工艺生产所需的原料，确定物料来源、价格和规格等，确定每种原料及最终成品的物性数据等。并利用邻硝基苯乙酸的工艺研究中的确定的最佳工艺参数：邻硝基甲苯、乙醇钠、草酸二乙酯以摩尔比例：1：1．2：1.28；最适反应温度为45℃等，开发一个邻硝基苯乙酸新的用于工业生产的工艺过程。并进行物料和能量衡算。进而根据能量衡算确定生产过程使用的设备型号。
根据国家对化工企业生产的一系列要求，开发并设计适用于实际生产的工艺流程和设备布置图。
毕业论文关键词：邻硝基苯乙酸；邻硝基甲苯；工业生产；
Design General Information
At present, the nitrotoluene and its derivatives develop fast and are very competitive in the world because of its low price. The synthesized proportion of o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene is 60:4:36 in the synthetic process ,and the synthetic proportion of o-nitrotoluene is the largest while the demand of p-nitrotoluen is great. Which causes the excess of o-nitrotoluene. The o-nitrophenylacetic acid is a kind of organic intermediate with wide usage, but the traditional synthetic materials（o-nitrophenylacetonitrile）are not easily obtained. So studying the synthetic thechnology of the o-nitrophenylacetic acid using the o-nitrotoluene as materials has great practical value.
In the initial design, There are four o-Nitrophenylacetic acid synthesis process of mature laboratory synthesis method. After repeated comparison and validation, this design adopts the industrialized feasibility and operability of biggest condensation oxidation method. According to the craft route benchmark development and translated into actual industrial production process.
Searching in the market now, I adopte to process the raw material for production, to determine the price of material sources, and specifications, etc. Determine each physical property data of raw materials and finished products, etc. And in o-Nitrophenylacetic acid process research is used to determine the optimum process parameters: o-nitrotoluene, Sodium ethoxide, diethyl oxalate by molar ratio: 1:1. 2:1. 28. The optimal reaction temperature 45 ℃, etc. To develop an o-Nitrophenylacetic acid new acetate used in industrial production process. And the material and energy balance. And then according to the energy balance equipment used to determine the production process models.
According to the state of a series of chemical enterprise production, development and design is suitable for the actual production process flow and equipment layout.
KeyWords：o-Nitrophenylacetic acid；o-Nitrophenylmethane；Industrial production；
目 录
设计总说明 Ⅰ
Design General Information Ⅱ
目录 Ⅲ
1. 引言1
1.1 选题的背景1
1.2 本工艺设计的意义1
1.3 国内外邻硝基苯乙酸的合成工艺进2
1.3.1 相转移催化法2
1.3.2 羧基化合成法2