摘要：本文应用生活中常见的聚氨酯（PU）海绵作为基体，分别进行磁性纳米粒子嵌入和疏水改性，提高聚氨酯海绵复合材料的吸油效率和循环使用能力。

通过改变石墨烯、纳米四氧化三铁用量以及硅烷偶联剂种类和用量来制备一组性能优异的吸油海绵，测定其吸油量、水接触角、油水分离率以及磁性等性能。研究表明，当石墨烯用量为PU海绵质量的15%，纳米四氧化三铁用量为PU海绵质量的10%，硅烷偶联剂为三甲基氯硅烷且浓度为20mL/L，溶剂为无水乙醇时，制备的海绵水接触角和油水分离率最佳，其中，水接触角达到132°，油水分离率达到99.92%，而其吸油量也达到自重的38倍。

关键词 吸油材料 聚氨酯海绵 纳米四氧化三铁 油水分离

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title A super-hydrophobic Fe3O4/polyurethane sponge oil-absorbing material

Abstract：In this paper, the polyurethane (PU) sponge, which is common in life, is used as the matrix, and the magnetic nano-particles are embedded and hydrophobically modified to improve the oil absorption efficiency and recycling ability of the polyurethane sponge.

A series of sponges which’s performance was excellent, were prepared by regulating the amount of graphene, ferric oxide and silane coupling agent. The oil absorption, water contact angle, oil-water separation rate and magnetic properties of modified PU sponges were measured. The results show that sponge’s water contact angle and oil-water separation comes best when the amount of graphene is 15 % of the weight of PU sponge, iron oxide is 10 %, the silane coupling agent is trimethylchlorosilane and the concentration is 20 mL/L，while the solvent is anhydrous ethanol. And the water contact angle is 132 °, oil and water separation rate is 99.92 %, oil absorption has reached 38 times of the weight.

Keywords oil-absorbing material polyurethane sponge Fe3O4  nanoparticles oil-water separation

目 次

1 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 主要除油方法 2

1.3 国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1 无机型吸附材料 2

1.3.2 有机天然材料 3

1.3.3 有机合成材料 4

1.4 选题依据及研究内容 4

2 实验部分 6

2.1 实验试剂 6

2.2 实验仪器 6

2.3 合成步骤 7

2.3.1 纳米四氧化三铁合成 7

2.3.2 聚氨酯海绵预处理 7

2.3.3 样品合成