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摘 要本设计为年产 60 万吨棒材车间工艺设计。产品为Φ16～Φ80mm 的热轧圆钢，主要钢种为优质碳素结构钢、弹簧钢、合金结构钢、合金工具钢，产品质量执行国家标准，根据成品规格选择尺寸为200mm×200mm×6000mm 的连铸坯为原料。通过多个在运作车间的调查由于本车间的设计产量较高，而产品规格又较小，所以决定采用全连轧生产。并且为了保证轧制的有序进行，提高产品的质量生产的轧制过程又被分成三个阶段粗轧、中扎、精轧。粗轧负责开坯，把轧件的尺寸尽可能的缩小；中扎负责继续压下，是轧件尺寸继续缩小尽可能接近目标尺寸；精轧负责控制产品质量，通过小压下把轧件轧到目标尺寸并保证轧件的精度和表面质量。故生产线全线共拥有轧机 18 架，其中粗轧机 6架，中轧机6 架，精轧机 6 架，终轧最大轧制速度定为 18m/s。轧制的主要步骤的形式决定后，就可以确定轧制的其他步骤。轧件的原料主要为优质碳素结构钢、弹簧钢、合金结构钢、合金工具钢根据铁碳相图制定温度范围，保证产品组织结构良好以及不会出现表面过烧的缺陷。加热完成后轧件表面会出现氧化层，故必须使用高压水除鳞并对轧件些许降温以便轧制。三段轧制完成之后轧件要冷却到室温，使用空冷和水冷的组合降温方式以致加强轧件的组织性能。即使是轧制时轧辊为平立交替进行，轧件仍不能完全笔直，所以必须经过精整并进行切割成指定尺寸。综上设计具体采用的工艺流程为：选定坯料→加热→除鳞→轧制（粗、中、精轧）→冷却（水冷、风冷）→打捆→检查→入库 。孔型的设计参考了许多其他车间的使用孔型。为了满足轧制三个阶段的设计目的，粗轧使用箱型孔型系统，因为箱型孔适合大压下的轧制。中扎，精轧就是用椭圆圆孔型系统，因为相较至其他圆钢生产所使用的孔型系统，椭圆圆孔的综合性能比较好，公用性强，且成品的性能良好，考虑到本车间的产品类型较多故使用这个孔型系统。综上具体采用的孔型系统为：扁箱（1#）—方箱（2#）—扁箱（3#）—方箱（4#）—扁箱（5#）—方箱（6#）—椭（7#）—圆（8#）—椭（9#）—圆（10#）—椭（11#）—圆（12#）—椭（13#）—圆（14#）—椭（15#）—圆（16#）—椭（17#）—圆（18#）。完成对以上轧制的核心内容的设计并将其付之计算。完成温度，速度，力，力矩等参数的计算以及完成轧制图表的绘制后，把求的力能参数放在设计的轧辊上，并用实际轧机的参数对其进行轧机以及轧辊的强度校核。校核无误后，在考虑其他辅助设备产能的情况下，对整个车间的产量进行估计，结果符合设计目标。最后计算整个车间的经济指标并完成设计。30578
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毕业论文关键词: 车间设计；孔型设计；棒材轧制；型钢；连轧；全连续轧制。
Abstract This is the technology design for producing six-hundred thousands tons of hot rolled barworkshop per year. The size of the product is between Φ16 and Φ80 with the major steel grade ofthe carbon constructional quality steel , Spring steel, alloy structural steel, alloy tool steel,and wecarry out national standard during the production .According to the size of product we use theconcast billets with the size of 200mm×200mm×6000mm for the raw material.Compared with some rencent running farm,the amount of production,size are much smaller,sowe decided to apply the way of fully continuous rolling.Besides,we apply the rolling process withthree steps in order to let the process orderly and assure the surfure or internalperformance.Roughting rolling is used to reduce the cross section of production possiblly.then wecontinue to reduce the size in the medium rolling process.And in the last finishing process we handlethe surface of production with less reducing. So we design the beltline with 18 mills in common ,6for roughing mill ,6 for medium mill ,6 for finishing mill . The largest end mill speed is about18m/s .We use the carbon constructional quality steel , Spring steel, alloy structural steel, alloy toolsteel as the major material .With the help of iron-carbon phase diagram,wo decide the heatingtemperature.Then wo need the water with high pressure to reduce surface oxide layer .And after therolling process,production shouid be closed and straightened to ensure the surfure or internal quality.As the result,the main Technological process we used include blank, heating,surface machining,rolling (roughing, medium and finishing), cooling (water, air),bundling, inspection and storage.After consult the material of other farms,we decided to use the boxing pass system forroughting rolling process and the ellipse-circle pass system for medium and finishing rollingprecess.the boxing pass system is more effective to reduce the size of production than others,and theellipse-circle pass system is flexibility to adapt other production with different size or material.Sothe actual the pass system we used is square(1#)－square(2#)－square(3#)－square(4#)－square(5#)－square(6#)－ellipse(7#)－circle(8#)－ellipse(9#)－circle(10#)－ellipse(11#)－circle(12#)－ellipse(13#)－circle(14#)－ellipse(15#)－circle(16#)－ellipse(17#)－(18#)circle.After the all above,we should make those theories into reallity.With the data we calculated,thepower of electrical machineries and the stringency of rolls can be checked.Then we found those arequiet reliable.Considering the capability of the ancillary equipments the annual output is calculatedand it reach the target value.