摘要：采用浮动催化裂解法制备了核壳纳米颗粒，为得到碳纳米笼，将上述纳米颗粒用混合酸酸洗处理，除去铁基内核，随后过滤和烘干得到碳纳米笼，再真空热处理脱出部分官能团获得多孔壁碳纳米笼。对实验样品进行高倍率透射电子显微镜进行观察和进行XRD物象分析，氮吸附/解吸测量，证实其具有较高的比表面积（970 m2/g），丰富的孔道结构（介孔孔容1.6 cm3/g），以及较高的石墨化程度。实验中也对样品进行电化学分析，主要进行了倍率性能的测试，测试结果表明经过多次循环倍率性能测试后，比容量能维持在一个较高的水平：在0.2 A/g，0.5 A/g，1 A/g，3 A/g的比容量分别为126.6 mAh/g，92.4 mAh/g，65.3 mAh/g，37.5 mAh/g。所制备的样品具有良好的石墨化成度和完整的碳纳米笼结构，提高了电极的导电率和化学稳定性，丰富的孔道结构，可以使电解质和钠离子在电池中快速分布转移，使得多孔壁碳纳米笼在钠离子电池中有着良好的应用前景。71353

毕业论文关键词: 碳纳米笼；钠离子电池；催化裂解；高比表面积；高比容量

Synthesis of porous-walled carbon nanocages towards sodium ion batteries 

Abstract：The core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by floating catalytic pyrolysis method. The carbon nanocages were obtained by removing the iron-based cores by the mixed acid pickling, and then the carbon nanocages were obtained after filtration and drying. Then, the functional groups were removed by vacuum heat treatment to obtain porous-walled carbon nanocaps. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement, confirmed that it has a high specific surface area (970 m2/g), a rich pore structure (mesoporous pore volume of 1.6 cm3/g), and the XRD image of the experimental sample was observed by high rate transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the prepared sample was also tested by charge-discharge testing at different current density. The experimental results show that the specific capacity can be maintained at a high level after several cycles of performance test. At 0.2 A/g, 0.5 A/g, 1 A/g and 3 A/g, their specific capacity is 126.6 mAh/g, 92.4 mAh/g, 65.3 mAh/g and 37.5 mAh/g, respectively. The prepared samples have good graphitization degree and complete carbon nanocell structure, which improves the conductivity and chemical stability of the electrode. The rich pore structure can make the electrolyte and sodium ions transfer rapidly in the battery so that the porous walls Carbon nanocaps in the sodium ion battery has a good application prospects.

KeyWords：Carbon nanocage; Sodium ion battery; Catalytic pyrolysis; High specific surface area; High specific capacity

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 碳简介 1

1.2 碳的同素异形体 2

1.3 碳纳米笼简介 3

1.4 碳纳米笼的制备方法 4

1.4.1 模板法 4

1.4.2 激光蒸发法制备碳纳米笼 6

1.4.3 化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米笼 7

1.5碳纳米笼的应用 8

1.5.1 催化剂载体 8

1.5.2 钠离子电极材料 9

1.5.3 药物载体 9

1.5.4 储氢材料 10

1.6 钠离子电池 10

1.6.1 钠离子电池工作原理 10

1.6.2 钠离子电池负极材料