摘    要

以观察法为主要研究方法，对一名患有多重障碍的12岁患者存在的问题行为进行观察记录与分析，以晤谈法和问卷法为主要方法，向特殊儿童患者的家长和任课老师了解其问题行为出现的原因、出现背景以及出现频率，以及在此之前，当儿童问题行为出现时他们是如何对该多重障碍儿童采取矫治的。以此来推断该个案研究中的多重障碍儿童，其问题行为出现的背景、条件，以便为其今后的发展提供相应的指导。针对本研究个案对象所具有的问题行为，本个案研究主要采用了正强化与负强化相结合的干预方法，对个案对象存在的问题行为进行了干预和矫正。研究表明：（1）该个案中的多重障碍儿童存在的较为严重的问题行为，分别为：自伤行为、上课离座行为及尖叫行为。（2）本研究主要采取晤谈法、问卷调查法、观察法对该研究对象的问题行为及发生频率、次数做了详细的记录。（3）本个案研究采用正强化与负强化想结合的干预方法对个案对象的问题行为进行矫正。结果表明：（1）在实施负强化后，该个案研究对象的问题行为发生频率有所下降，具体表现在上课离座行为和尖叫行为次数的减少。（2）在采取正强化与负强化相结合的干预措施以后，研究对象由于对正强化物的需求，而开始出现自我控制式地减少自己问题行为的发生次数，自觉矫正自己的问题行为。85237

To observe and analyze the problem behavior of a 12-year-old patient with multiple obstructions by means of observation method, and to interview the parents and teachers of special children with the questionnaire and questionnaire method as the main method。 The causes of the behavior of the problem, the appearance and the frequency of occurrence, and how they were treated for children with multiple disabilities before the child's problem arises。 So as to infer the background and condition of the children with multiple obstacles in the case study, so as to provide the corresponding guidance for their future development。 In order to solve the problem behavior of the case object, this case study mainly adopts the intervention method of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, and intervenes and corrects the problem behavior of the case object。 The results show that: (1) The more serious problem behaviors of children with multiple obstacles in this case are: self-injury behavior, class leave behavior and screaming behavior。 (2) This study mainly takes the interview method, the questionnaire survey method and the observation method to make a detailed record of the behavior and frequency of the study object。 (3) This case study uses the intervention method of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement to correct the problem behavior of the case object。 The results show that: (1) After the implementation of negative reinforcement, the frequency of the problem behavior of the case study has decreased, which is manifested in the decrease of the number of acts and screaming in the class。 (2) After taking the combination of positive and negative reinforcement, the object of study began to appear self-control to reduce the number of occurrences of the problem, and consciously correct their own problem behavior。

毕业论文关键词：多重障碍； 问题行为； 正强化；负强化

Keyword: Multiple obstacles; problem behavior; positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

目    录

摘    要 2

引言 6

1。问题提出 6

1。1研究背景 6

1。2研究意义 7

2。研究方法