摘要在机械物理学中，系统的能量的减小——阻尼振动不都是因“阻力”引起的，就机械振动而言，一种是因摩擦阻力生热，使系统的机械能减小，转化为内能，这种阻尼叫摩擦阻尼。干摩擦阻尼又称库伦阻尼（Coulomb damping），它的方向始终与物体运动速度方向相反,大小与正压力成正比。现在利用摩擦阻尼生产出一种摩擦阻尼器，摩擦阻尼器是典型的耗能元件，多用于震动能量的衰减，如桥梁或其他大型空间结构的各种可控阻尼装置，在大型桥梁中用处最大。49099

本文使用有限元法对库伦阻尼系统进行运动特性分析。首先利用解析法对问题进行求解，但是求解过程较为复杂，计算量大，鉴于ANSYS中有一类分析类型是结构动力学分析，符合本题的要求，可以加以应用，简化计算。本文选择COMBIN4单元建立模型进行分析求解。将有限元解与解析解进行对比，可以看出有限元解是正确的，而且具有相当高的精度。

毕业论文关键词：有限元法，运动特性，ANSYS，瞬态动力学

Abstract In mechanical physics, the energy decrease of damped vibration of the system are not all caused by " resistance ".As far as the mechanical vibration，as a result of friction heat, making the system of mechanical energy decreases, converted into internal energy, the damping is called friction damping. Dry friction damping also known as the Coulomb damping, it is always in the direction of motion speed in the opposite direction, the size is proportional to the pressure. Now using Friction damping to produce a friction damper, friction damper is a typical energy-consuming components, used for the attenuation of the vibration energy, such as bridges or other large space structures with a variety of controllable damping device,but it is the most useful in large-scale bridge. 

This article uses finite element method to analyze the movement characteristic of Coulomb damping system. Firstly using analytical method to solve problems，but solving process is relatively complex and needs large amount of calculation. There is a certain type of ANSYS which is a type of structure dynamics analysis,it accords with the requirements of this title,so it can be used to simplify the calculation. In this articel I select unit COMBIN40 solution to analyze the solution. In the end, the analytical solution and ANSYS finite element solution is compared, we can see that the finite element contrast solution is correct, and with high precision.

Key Words：Finite element method; Movement characteristics；ANSYS;Transient dynamic

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1.1 课题的背景 1

1.2 本文的主要研究内容 1

第二章  有限元法与ANSYS 3

2.1 有限元分析方法概述 3

2.2 有限元分析的基本思想 3

2.3 有限元的发展 4

2.4 ANSYS的主要功能 8

2.5 ANSYS提供的分析类型 9

第三章  模型的建立与仿真 11

3.1 问题描述 11

3.2 建立有限元模型 11

3.2.1 定义单元类型和选项 12

3.2.2 定义第一种实常数 13

3.2.3 建立单元模型 14

3.3 设置仿真参数 15

3.3.1设置初始条件