摘要在现代工业生产中，我们需要对各种零部件进行刚度的测量，这是一项非常 重要的步骤，它对于精度的要求非常严格，可以通过测量弹性体的刚度来对零部 件自身的材料性能进行一个判断和选择。在一些仪器或者机械结构当中的某些零 部件，它们的刚度的大小会对整个系统测量精度造成影响，有的可能对整个的系 统造成影响。然而对于像这种大型的汽车覆盖零件来说，它的刚度大小更是会对 汽车的质量、性能、安全等等造成严重的影响。所以，对于这些大型的零部件来 说，它们的刚度测量就显得尤为重要。 73905

本篇设计是特别对于目前汽车覆盖件这类相对大型的部件进行刚度测量，例， 力对于覆盖件加载时的不稳定因素、覆盖件受力产生变形，对于变形量位移的测 量困难等，梳理后，研究出了便携式的刚度测量系统，整个系统对于机械装置的 采用和选择了高精度的传感器、步进电机与 PC 控制系统，而且结合了自主研发 的测控软件，通过对于这类覆盖件的实际测试，此控制系统达到了具有相对较高 的测量精度。此设计在系统控制方面，通过使用计算机来控制 PLC 来控制步进电 机的运作，步进电机接收到电信号，就会带动齿轮通过精密的滚珠丝杆来使得加 载光杆可以上下的移动，加载光杆的前端装有测量头，施加任意载荷。通过测量 得知，传感器会把传感器的输出信号进行放大，然后经过一定处理后通过数据采 集器输入到专门的计算机当中。这里拟合曲线是通过计算机会对得到的数据进行 分析和处理，就会生成拟合曲线了，然后就会得到被测试件材料刚度。 

这种设计的优点是：测试仪的测量精度、测量系统的整个体积小、便于携带、 在不同场合进行实时现场测量。计算机通过可编程控制器控制步进电机，使其运 行，整个系统安全运作。 

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Abstract In modern industrial production, we need stiffness measurement of the various parts, which is a very important step, it for accuracy requirements very strict, by measuring the elastic body stiffness of parts and components of its own material properties of a judgment and choice。 Some of the parts of the instrument or equipment, some of them, the stiffness of the system will directly affect the accuracy of the entire system, and some may even affect the use of the entire system。 However, for large parts of the automobile cover parts, the size of its stiffness will be a serious impact on the quality, performance, safety and so on。 So, for these large parts, their stiffness measurement is particularly important。

This design is special in view of the difficulty of measuring stiffness of large sheet metal parts, for example, load factors of instability, deformation measurement difficulties, obtains a set of portable measurement system of stiffness, system in the mechanical device based on the high precision sensors, stepper motor and computer, and combines the independent research and development of measurement and control software, through the actual test, to achieve a higher measurement accuracy。 This design in the system control, through the use of computers to control the PLC to control the operation of the stepper motor, so as to drive the optical lever on the measuring head to move up and down, to impose arbitrary load。 By measuring that the sensor will be the output of the sensor signal amplification, and then after a certain processing through the data collector input to a special computer。 The computer can analyze and process the data, and finally become the fitting curve, and then the material rigidity of the test piece can be obtained。

The advantages of this design: the portable stiffness tester, the overall size of the measurement system is small, and easy to carry, in different occasions to measure。 On