摘要水稻是我国极其重要的粮食作物之一，其高产稳产是我国大部分居民生活和生存的重要保障，是我国长治久安以及可持续发展的重要保障，我国以及世界各国科学家对于水稻的各项研究也在不断深入地进行。水稻根系是水稻从土壤中吸收养分、水分以及各种元素的主要器官。根系合成的植物激素、氨基酸等各种生物活性物质不但能给予根系的正常发育，还能配合环境的差异调节水稻地上部的生长和发育。根系的长度是根构型一个非常重要的指标，水稻根系长度对水稻产量和抗逆性具有重要作用，根系的长度对于水稻许多重要的性状如养分吸收、抗倒伏性、抗旱性和产量等产生了影响。它也已经成为水稻育种的一个重要研究内容，受到越来越多的重视。本次实验利用EMS诱变获得的水稻根突变体sr1开展性状鉴定筛选、基因图位克隆等研究。最终我们利用已知的水稻基因组数据开发SSR份子标记并对F17突变体单株，并构建sr1基因位点遗传图谱，最终将基因定位在SSR标记P7和P8之间。通过RGAP网站发现该区间内共有7个ORFs，预测其中一个ORF为突变基因，我们进行了重测序，发现其中一个基因外显子区域存在单碱基的突变，进行验证后发现该位点确实为突变位点，突变后氨基酸序列发生改变，说明该基因可能就是OsF17的候选基因。47699

Abstract

Rice is one of China's most important food crop, which is an important guarantee for high and stable yields of most residents live and survive, is China's long-term stability and an important guarantee for the sustainable development of our country and the world for the study of rice scientists are deepening manner. Rice is the main organ of root nutrient and water uptake by rice and a variety of elements from the soil. Roots synthetic plant hormones, amino acids and other biologically active substances not only give the normal development of roots, but also with the differences in environmental regulation of growth and development of rice shoots. The length of the root system is a very important indicator of root architecture, root length of rice on rice yield and resistance plays an important role, the length of the roots of rice for many important traits, such as nutrient uptake, lodging resistance, drought resistance and yield produce affected. It has also become an important research content in rice breeding, are more and more attention. The use of rice roots EMS mutagenesis experiments obtained mutant trait sr1 carry identification screening, gene map-based cloning research. Ultimately, we use the rice genome data of known elements to develop SSR markers and F17 mutant plant and build sr1 loci genetic map will eventually SSR marker gene positioned between P7 and P8. After the site was found by RGAP within this interval there were seven ORFs, ORF predicted one mutant gene, we conducted a re-sequencing, found one of the exon regions of single-base mutations, to verify that the sites are indeed found mutated sites, changes the amino acid sequence after mutation, indicating that this gene may be a candidate gene of OsF17 .

毕业论文关键词：水稻； 突变体； 根； 基因； 定位

Keyword: Rice; mutant;  root; gene; mapping

目    录

  引言.4

1 实验简介.4

2 实验方法.5

    2.1 F17 种群突变体的获取.5

    2.2 水稻 DNA提取方法（SDS法）.6

2.3 植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取法 6

2.4 SSR 标记的开发及引物设计.7

2.5 分子标记检测.7

2.6 基因定位方法.8

2.7 候选基因的预测及测序.8

2.8 琼脂糖胶回收和纯化.9

3 实验结果与分析.10

3.1 F17 表型分析.10

3.2 F17 基因初定位.11

3.3 F17 基因精细定位.11