摘 要：目的：研究江苏淮安产枇杷花挥发性化学成分。方法：用乙醚作为萃取剂，采用普通萃取法和同时蒸馏萃取法，并用气相色谱/质谱（GC-MS）分析技术对挥发性成分进行分析，用面积归一化法确定相对质量百分含量。结果：枇杷花同时蒸馏萃取所得挥发性成分共2.20g，普通萃取法得挥发性成分共3.40g，所以同时蒸馏萃取法所得萃取率为9.10 mg/g；普通萃取法所得萃取率为10.50 mg/g；GC-MS分析得枇杷花同时蒸馏萃取的挥发性成分主要有34种，普通萃取所得挥发性成分主要有21种。结论：且同时蒸馏法所得成分更合理，普通萃取法含有部分挥发性物质流失。54479

毕业论文关键词：枇杷花，挥发性成分，同时蒸馏萃取，气相色谱，气相色谱/质谱，乙醚

Abstract：Objective: the Volatile chemical components of the Eriobotrya japonica flowers from huaian would been studied. Methods: two methods, common solvent extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE), were used to extract from the Eriobotrya japonica flowers as ether was used the extractant. The volatile components of Eriobotrya japonica flowers were determined by GC/MS. the peak area normalization method were usded to get the quality percentage. Results: the volatile components of loquat flowers extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE) weighted 2.20 g. The volatile components extracted by common extraction weighted 3.40 g, the extraction rate of SDE was 9.10 mg/g, the extraction rate of common solvent extraction was 10.50 mg/g. 34 kinds of major volatile components extracted by SDE in loquat flowers were determined by GC/MS, but only 21 kinds of volatile components by the common solvent extraction were determined. Conclusion: There was some loss of volatile substances in common extraction method and the SDE was more reasonable. From these we got that the extraction rate of common solvent extraction was greater than the SDE, therefore, SDE was more suitable for measuring the volatile chemical compositions.

Keywords：Eriobotrya japonica,Volatile components,simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE),Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), ether

目  录

1  前言 3

2  材料 4

2.1  实验材料 4

2.2  实验试剂 4

2.3  实验仪器与设备 4

3  实验方法 4

3.1  枇杷花同时蒸馏萃取法提取 4

3.2  枇杷花普通萃取法提取 5

3.3  萃取液蒸馏 6

3.4  枇杷花萃取蒸馏提取液的GC/MS分析 6

3.4.1  色谱条件 6

3.4.2  质谱条件 6

4  结果与讨论 6

4.1  枇杷花萃取率分析 6

4.2  枇杷花挥发性化学成分分析 7

4.2.1  同时蒸馏萃取法萃取液化学成分分析 7

4.2.2  普通萃取法所得挥发性化学成分分析 9

结  论 12

参考文献 13

致 谢 15

 1  前言

枇杷为蔷薇科枇杷属植物枇杷Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lindl.，别名卢橘，其叶子大而长，厚而有茸毛，呈长椭圆形，状如琵琶，故因此而得名。枇杷主要分布于中南及陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、四川、贵州、云南等地[1]。枇杷树高可达5米，小枝粗壮，黄褐色，密生锈色或灰棕色绒毛。枇杷具有丰富的营养价值，富含多种营养成分，并具有较高的药用价值，在我国药用历史悠久，枇杷的果实、花、叶子、种子均可入药。根据《本草纲目》记载：“枇杷叶，治肺胃之病，大都取其下气之功耳，气下则火降痰顺，而逆者不逆，呕者不呕，渴者不渴，咳者不咳也。”