摘   要目的 通过分析黑龙江省居民的膳食结构和体质指数，了解黑龙江省不同收入水平居民的膳食结构和营养状况，探究收入水平对膳食结构和营养状况的影响。方法 通过问卷调查收集调查人群的基本情况、膳食数据和体格检查数据，利用单因素分析和多元逐步线性回归分析，研究收入水平对膳食结构的影响；利用单因素分析和多因素有序Logistic回归分析，研究收入水平对营养状况的影响。结果 与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔相比，总人群水产品的摄入量达到了推荐摄入量，蔬菜类、水果类、乳类食物摄入不足，谷薯类、禽畜肉、蛋类、豆类、烹调油和食盐摄入过多。单因素分析显示，性别与居民谷薯类、蔬菜类、禽畜肉类、豆类食物平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）；年龄与居民谷薯类、水果类、水产品类、禽畜肉类食物平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）；城乡调查点与居民谷薯类、水产品、乳类和烹调油平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）；民族与居民谷薯类、禽畜肉和乳类食物平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）；受教育程度与居民谷薯类、水产品、禽畜肉类、豆类和烹调油平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）；婚姻状况与居民谷薯类、禽畜肉类和乳类平均每日摄入量的差异有关（p＜0。05）；收入水平与居民水果类、水产类、禽畜肉类、乳类、豆类和烹调油平均每日摄入量有关（p＜0。05）。多元逐步线性回归结果显示，收入水平对居民谷薯类、水果类、水产类、禽畜肉类、乳类和豆类食物平均每日摄入量均有影响（p＜0。05）。对营养状况的单因素分析显示，性别、年龄和收入水平和居民的营养状况有关（p＜0。05），且多因素有序Logistic回归分析结果显示，收入水平对营养状况的影响仍有统计学意义（p＜0。05）。结论 不同收入水平的居民其蔬菜类、水果类、乳类食物摄入均不足，而谷薯类、禽畜肉、蛋类、豆类、烹调油和食盐均摄入过多，膳食结构很不合理，有关部门需要重视，积极调整居民膳食结构。收入水平越高的居民，其水果类、水产类、禽畜肉类、乳类和豆类这些营养价值较高食物的平均每日食用量越大。中等收入水平居民的超重和肥胖比例最高，应作为超重和肥胖防控的重点人群。88496

Abstract：Objective By analyzing the dietary structure and body mass index of residents in Heilongjiang Province, the dietary structure and nutritional status of residents at different income levels in Heilongjiang Province are studied, and the effects of income level on dietary structure and nutritional status are explored。    Methods The basic situation, dietary data and physical examination data of the survey population were collected by questionnaire。 The effects of income level on dietary structure were studied by single factor analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis。 The effects of income level on nutrition status were studied by single factor analysis and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis。 Results Compared with Chinese Balance Dietary Pagada, for all people, intake of aquatic products reached the recommended intake, vegetables, fruits, dairy are inadequate, but grain, meat, eggs, beans, cooking oil and salt were intaken too much。 Single factor analysis showed that, gender was related to average daily intake of grain, vegetables, meat, and legumes (p＜0。05); age was related to the average daily intake of grain, vegetables, aquatic products and meat (p＜0。05); the survey spot of urban or rural areas was related to the average daily intake of residents of grain, aquatic products, dairy and cooking oil (p＜0。05); ethnicity was related to the average daily intake of grain, meat and dairy foods (p＜0。05); education was related to the average daily intake of residents of grain, aquatic products, meat, beans and cooking oil (p＜0。05); marital status was related to the average daily intake of grain, meat and dairy (p＜0。05); the level of income was related to the average daily intake of fruits, aquatic products, meat, dairy, beans and cooking oil (p＜0。05)。 Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the level of income had an impact on the average daily intake of grain, fruit, aquatic, meat, dairy and legume foods (p＜0。05)。 Single factor analysis of nutrition status showed that gender, age and income levels were related to the nutritional status of people (p＜0。05)。 And multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis shows that the impact of income levels on nutritional status remains statistically significant (p＜0。05)。 Conclusion For residents of different income levels, their vegetables, fruits, dairy food intake are inadequate, but potato, meat, eggs, beans, cooking oil and salt are too much intake。 Their dietary structures are very unreasonable。 So the relevant departments need to pay attention and actively adjust the residents’ dietary structure。 The higher the level of income, the higher the average daily consumption of fruits, aquatic products, poultry meat, dairy products, beans and cooking oil which are rich in nutrition。 The proportion of overweight and obesity among the middle - income residents is the highest。 They should be the key people of overweight and obesity prevention and control。