By changing the happy endings and the struggle process, black fairy tales darken the traditional fairy tales and add darkness and hopelessness to the beautiful world in fairy tales。 Recently, black fairy tale works gradually come into people’s eyes in different styles。 Many researchers have shown great interest to this topic。

Some researchers think black fairy tales destroy the beautiful world built up by traditional fairy tales, which can impose bad influence on the growth of children。 Cao (2015) analyzes the words and the deep meaning of Snow White by Donald Barthelme and points out that black fairy tale is a mock and revolt to traditional fairy tales。 It also reflects the change of morality in literary works of post-modernism。 He insists that black fairy tales should be wiped out from the human society and the cultural market (Cao, 2015)。

Some other studies suggest that black fairy tales have a long history。 Huang (2013) points out that fairy tales in the history is not as beautiful and pure as traditional fairy tales and is full of cruelty and violence。 It is a sarcasm and a warning to the times。 After the publication of Grimm’s Fairy Tales, fairy tale began to form its traditional style。 Sun (2008) analyzes some of the fairy tales in Grimm’s Fairy Tales and holds a positive attitude towards the realistic characteristics of the original fairy tales。 文献综述

Once Upon A Time is a fairy tale dramatic television series produced by American Broadcasting Corporation in 2011。 It tells a brand new story based on traditional fairy tales。 Once Upon A Time makes adaptation to some well-known traditional fairy tales, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Snow Queen, Beauty And The Beast。 It weaves a large network of relationship, making every character in traditional fairy tales be connected with each other。 Every character in Once Upon A Time is no longer the original one in traditional fairy tales。 They are as complex as adults in real world。 The series begins with the arrival of the protagonist Emma in Storybrooke, who is the destined savior to the town, which represents that she is pulled into a black fairy tale world from the real world。 Once Upon A Time is a television series in which love and hatred, justice and evil, salvation and degeneration interlace with each other。