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II. The Context and Extra-linguistic Context
Context, just as the name means, is the real environment of using language. Without context, even the simplest language could not be understood properly, let alone translated. The concept of “context” came into being in the 1930s, proposed by Anthropologist Malinowski, developed by Firth, Halliday, extended context from linguistic context to the subjective and objective environment of in which the language is used. Many scholars from different aspects and different fields make a series of studies since Marino Minkowski proposed this term of context in 1923. Context is pided into linguistic context and extra-linguistic context. Translators should consider the original context to understand the original context comprehensively and systematically. They have to make a careful analysis of linguistic context and study extra-linguistic context. Linguistic context refers to the contents of writing. According to linguistic context, the meeting of the words in the chapters can be determined. But sometimes only considering the linguistic context can not make sure the exact meaning of the words. Then extra-linguistic context should be taken into consideration. Extra-linguistic is pided into situational context, social and cultural context, and it mainly refers to the communicational background, the objective existence of the natural environment, human environment values, attitude of faith, cognitive style, literary tradition, ideology, national tradition and customs, era and environment. This part, unlike linguistic context, is not so specific and sensuous and is more difficult to grasp.