3) Formal Schema

“Formal schemata” or ‘‘Textual schemata’’ are “background knowledge of the formal rhetorical organizational structures of different types of the texts”(Carrell and Eisterhold 1983)．That is to say, formal schemata are something about the structure of a text。 It refers to the genre or structure of discourse。 The passage appear in the senior middle school are mainly the following types: narratives, expository writings, and argumentative essays, film review and biography．According to different types, different ways and skills are adopted。