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Thinking is a process of human thinking to do analysis, synthesis, judgment, reasoning and other cognitive activities and introduce the concept of the foundation in terms of philosophy and linguistics on. It comes into being through social practices and only human beings have this spiritual activity. Although the physiological function of the human brain is the same, different local, regional, state and national people who may because of the different cultural backgrounds share the same problem differently.
Cultural background has been studied by a lot of scholars in hot discussion at home and abroad over the years. There are many different understanding and definitions about thinking patterns. It can refer to “the way people think in simple understanding. It also can be defined as people’s habitual thinking formed through their understanding of themselves and the world” (Ding 2008).
Cultural background reflects a particular culture. It can also be called thought patterns, mode of thinking, ways of thinking, thinking style. Pribram insists thinking patterns can be called the form of reasoning prevalent in a society (1949); it is the cultural aspect that influences social perception. Samovar and porter (1982) writes in Communication between Cultures that thinking patterns are the mental definition of reasoning and problem solving in a community. It covers knowledge, idea, methods, feelings, languages and habits.
In fact, the cultural background has a complex structure. Language is the expression of its surface in such a structure, under which the feelings and will of the layers. People’s attitude to the outside world in the form of subconscious existence. The relationship between language and culture is considered to be one in linguistics, anthropology, sociology of the most important issues, etc. It has been a controversial issue for many years. Thought is the process of mental activity. Language is an important part of humanity, which is at an early age we have a powerful social tool. It is a feature that sets human communities apart from animal communities.
Ⅱ. Literature Review
Since last 80 years, scholars have been deepening to “New English” study various. British English and American English is no longer the only two varieties of English. Many new varieties of English appeared in the world. English scholar and the world due to the overwhelming interest in learning. Kachru world learning English scholars made a great contribution.
He studied Indian English within the framework of context. Under his influence, the study of English varieties flourished, especially those varieties in the outer circle, for instance, Singaporean English, Nigerian English, Malaysian English and so on. With the economic development of China, and the increasing frequency of the contact between China and the world, China English has been taken into consideration by more and more scholars who have made their comments on various periodicals. According to Li Shaohua (2006), there are more than 30 articles about the China English published in World English and English Today.
2.1 English Globalization and Localization
With the economy and trade of the world into a global village, English as a common language has been widely accepted. It no longer belongs to the language of a country or countries, but the neutral medium of information exchange. Today, learning and speaking English is almost all over the world. “Nearly 1.5 billion people speak English in the world, including 400 million people who speak English as a mother tongue, 3.5 million people who speak it as a second language, approximately 750 million people who speak it as a foreign language” (Yu 2005).
It has been acknowledged that non-native English user outnumbered native English speakers. Although English has only a history of about 1500 years, which is much shorter than that of Latin, Greek or French, it quickly spread around the world. Just as Crystal (1997) said, English is the language which repeatedly finds itself in the right place at the right time. In the mid-sixteenth century English was only spoken by a relatively small group of speakers born and bred within the shores of the British Isles. Then it spread five to seven million English speakers, nearly all of them living in the British Isles. Then the number increased to about 250 million people, most of them start living outside the British Isles during the reign of Elizabeth I (1588) and Elizabeth II (1952) (1997) between the end of the rule. After this, the British spread to the United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Americans tried to find their own identities in English in the course of developing political differences and being different from British English in linguistic levels such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar structures and growing US national identity different from British English curriculum.