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ABSTRACT With its growing comprehensive national strength, China has stepped up onto a higher level in its international communications with other countries in politics, economy, culture and education. Speeches made by Chinese leaders, a platform for other countries to know more about China, are of great significance to promote Chinese culture and philosophy. Leaders’ speeches are full of political and cultural characteristics, including a great number of culture-loaded expressions like idioms, proverbs, poems and culture-specific terms. They are characterized with unique cultural background and remain indispensable ways of promoting the national culture. So, interpreters play a significant role in grasping concrete meanings of culture-loaded expressions and interpreting them accurately to audience.46609
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Based on previous researches, the thesis tries to analyze culture-loaded expressions in speeches made by Chinese leaders in light of functional equivalence theory. For the purpose of accuracy, understandability and naturalness, interpreters should pay much attention to differences in language and culture, the key points of the source material and the reaction of the audience. Through the research, the author finds that different strategies should be applied to different culture-loaded expressions in the process of interpreting. Major translation strategies applied are transliteration, literal translation, free translation and annotation. Under the guidance of functional equivalence theory, only integrated utilization of various methods can achieve the aim of functional equivalence: being faithful, informative, communicative and culturally complementary.
Keywords: functional equivalence theory; leaders’ speeches; culture-loaded expressions; interpreting strategies
摘 要随着综合国力的提升，中国和世界其他各国的政治，经济，文化和教育往来又上了新高峰，国家领导人的发言亦是让世界了解中国，传播中华文化和理念的重要途径。国家领导人发言带有一定的政治和文化色彩，其中会包含很多文化负载词，比如成语、俗语、谚语、诗词、文化特定词等。文化负载词承载着特定的文化特征，也是弘扬民族文化必不可少的途径。译者必须了解其具体含义，才能准确地传译给受众。
结合之前的相关研究，作者试图从奈达的功能对等理论出发，对国家领导人发言中的文化负载词进行研究。译者在传译时，应特别注意语言文化差异，做到准确易懂，自然流畅，传达原文思想，注重受众的理解与反应。通过研究，作者发现在翻译文化负载词的过程中，不同类型的文化负载词需要不同的翻译策略，译者主要采用的方法有：音译、直译、意译和加注。在功能对等理论指导下，译者需要综合运用恰当的翻译方法，才能够让译文更加准确地实现功能对等，忠实于原文，传达信息，实现交际以及文化互补的目标。
毕业论文关键词：功能对等；领导人发言；文化负载词；翻译策略
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Literature Review 2
2.1 Functional Equivalence Theory 2
2.2 Related Studies on the Translation of Culture-loaded Expressions 3
3 Functional Equivalence Theory and Culture-loaded Expressions 4
3.1 Introduction to Culture-loaded Expressions 5
3.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Culture-loaded Expressions 5
3.1.2 Classification of Culture-loaded Expressions 6
3.2 The Expected Effects of the Target Text in Light of Functional Equivalence Theory 7
3.2.1 Being Faithful 8