摘 要自第三次工业以来，能源在人类社会的生活中的需求量越来越大，尤其是现 代社会，更是离不开能源。石油作为现代社会的重要能源之一，它的产量将直接影响 到人们的日常生活。而油井抽油管这一直接影响到石油开采的工具，它的好坏将直接 影响到石油的开采。但抽油管的内壁容易黏上质地粘稠的石油，这将会影响石油开采 时的出油率，严重时则会堵塞抽油管。为了解决上述问题并提高抽油管的利用率以降 低石油开采的成本，抽油管要定期进行清洗和检测。82607

在实际的抽油管的清洗作业中，抽油管的清洗方法多种多样，并且随着时代的发 展和科学技术的进步，这些方法优胜劣汰。作为其中脱颖而出的清洗技术之一的高压 射流技术以其快速、高效、环保、低成本、清洗效果好、便于实现自动化清洗作业等 一系列显著的优势迅速在清洗市场占据了一席之地。虽然清洗技术有了很大的进步， 但由于清洗工作只能放入专门的清洗工厂进行，而这些工厂的建造不仅耗资很大，而 且往往距离石油的开采现场较远，所以会大幅提高抽油管的清洗成本。鉴于上述问题， 本文在国内外的研究基础上，并结合当前的抽油管的清洗技术和清洗设备，针对清洗 原理、工艺特点和现场清洗要求，设计了基于高压射流技术的移动式油井抽油管清洗 装置，该装置不仅实现了自动化清洗，而且清洗效率高、清洗效果也非常好，专门用 于抽油管的内壁的清洗工作。

本文在广泛的调研基础上，归纳和总结了抽油管清洗装置的发展趋势和本文中设 计的移动式油井抽油管清洗装置的设计时需要着重考虑的问题：针对抽油管内壁的油 污成分，开展对抽油管内壁清洗技术的研究，提出了基于清方案的清洗装置的总体方 案，并在此基础上对其中的关键部件进行结构的设计与计算，并进一步验证机构的合 理性；使用二维绘图软件（如 CAD）绘制各部件的详细的图纸，并且使用三维建模 软件绘制各部件的实体模型和总装配图；使用 CAE 分析软件针对清洗装置的部分关 键进行应力分析，为清洗装置的安装调试提供指导意见。

综合以上所讲，本文结合现有的清洗装置和清洗技术的设计研究现状设计了清洗 装置，针对油污的成分特点，以及有油污的结垢特性提出了一种较高效的清洗方案， 并在此基础上完成了该装置的设计计算。这对石油行业的发展与科技的创新有着重要 的意义与经济价值。

关键词：抽油管清洗；高压射流；方案设计；结构设计；三维建模；有限元分析；

Abstract Since the third industrial revolution, The energy is more and more big demand in the human society life, especially in the modern society, it is inseparable from energy。 Oil as one of the important energy in modern society, its output will directly affect people's daily lives。 Oil well tubing and pumping the oil is directly related to one tool, it will directly affect the exploitation of oil。 However, the inner wall of the suction pipe easily sticky texture viscous oil or wax component which seriously affect oil yield of oil when severe smoke pipe is blocked。 To solve the above problems to improve the pumping pipeline utilization, reduce the cost of oil exploration, pumping tubing must be regularly cleaned and tested。

In the actual pumping pipe cleaning operations, pumping tubing cleaning methods varied, with the progress and development of the times and of science and  technology, these methods survival of the fittest。 It stands out as one of the high-pressure jet cleaning technology, one of the technology with its fast, efficient, environmentally  friendly, low-cost, cleaning effect, easy to automate the cleaning operation and a series  of significant advantages quickly occupied a place in the cleaning market。 While cleaning technology have made great progress, but because of the cleaning work can only be placed in a special cleaning plant and the construction of these plants not only cost a lot, and often far away from oil exploration field, it will draw tube the generous increase cleaning  costs。 In view of these problems, research-based home and abroad, combined with the current smoke pipe cleaning technology and cleaning equipment for cleaning principle, process characteristics and in-situ cleaning requirements, design a pipeline pumping high-pressure jet technology based mobile oil cleaning means not only automated cleaning, and high cleaning efficiency, the cleaning effect is also very good, specially due to the pumping of cleaning the tubing wall。