摘要：聚异丁烯丁二酸山梨糖醇酯乳化剂是一种以聚异丁烯长链为亲油基，以山梨醇的羟基为亲水基，通过化学键连接的一种新型乳化剂。该种乳化剂有较强的乳化能力，且能改善乳化炸药的贮存稳定性和爆轰性能。本文以聚异丁烯丁二酸酐和山梨醇为原料，合成聚异丁烯丁二酸山梨糖醇酯乳化剂，考察反应的影响因素，采用红外光谱对产物进行结构表征；测定乳化剂的乳化力、降低界面张力的能力等性能参数，并与聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺做比较：同时研究其在乳化炸药和润滑油添加剂中的应用情况。64295

本课题主要研究了聚异丁烯丁二酸酐(PIBSA)与山梨醇反应合成聚异丁烯丁二酸山梨糖醇酯的合成步骤。考察了不同的原料物质的量比对产品羟值的影响，并将其应用于乳状液中，考察油水体积比和乳化剂浓度对乳化力的影响。实验结果表明，HLB值介于3-6之间，产品属于油包水乳化剂，与span-80，聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺相比，表面活性较强。

毕业论文关键词：聚异丁烯丁二酸酐；山梨醇；合成；性能；聚异丁烯丁二酸酐山梨糖醇酯；乳化力

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Abstract：Polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol is a kind of new emulsifier,with thepolyisobutylene long-chain as lipophilic group and sorbitol as hydrophilic group，which areconnected by chemical bonds．With strong emulsifying power,this emulsifiers could improvethe storage stability and detonation performance of the emulsion explosives．In this paper,polyisobutylene succinic acid sorbitol is synthesized by the reaction of polyisobutylenesuccinic anhydride(PIBSA)and sorbitol．The influence factors of the reaction arestudied，Infra-red spectrometry WaS used to analyze the structure of the product．Theparameters of emulsifying power,the ability to reduce the interfacial tension were alsomeasured and compared with polyisobutylene suecinimide；also the application of theemulsifier in emulsion explosives and lubricating oil additives were studied．

 Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride(PIBSA)was modified by esterification with sorbitol to obmin the polyhydric composition．The effect of molar rat elonged to W／O surfaetant．Com．pared with span80 and polyisobutylene succimide，the product had better surface aefivity．

Keywords ：polyisobutylene succinic anhydride；sorbitol；synthesis；property；polyisobutylene succinic anhydride sorbitol； emulsifying power 

摘要 I

Abstract II

1  绪论 1

1.1  乳化炸药的定义与组成 1

1.1.1  乳化炸药的定义 1

1.1.2  乳化炸药的组成及其作用 1

1.1.3  乳化炸药其它添加剂 2

1.2  乳化炸药乳化剂的发展状况及发展趋势 3

1.2.1  发展状况 3

1.2.2  乳化剂的发展趋势 5

1.3  本课题的研究目的和意义 6

1.4  本课题的研究内容 7

2  聚异丁烯丁二酸酐的合成 9

2.1  实验用主要试剂和仪器 9

2.1.1  主要试剂 9

2.1.2  主要仪器 9

2.2  实验机理和方法 10

2.2.1  合成机理