On the regulation of Criminal Law in Medical Negligence
Abstract:With the rapidly development of economy and the continuous demand of society, the medical industry has been developed significantly, but the relationship between doctors and patients has deteriorated, the case of medical disputes are increasing. The criminal cases causing by malpractice are not too much, but it has brought adverse effects to the industry and harms to society. The identification of medical malpractice is the key to solve the problem. However, there is no conclusion that whether medical negligence should bear criminal responsibility and that makes the criminal responsibility in the process of judicial practice difficult. So this paper mainly carries on the elaboration to the criminal responsibility of medical negligence and analyzes the medical negligence and its criminal law meaning.
Key Words:Medical;malpractice; legislation of criminal law
前言
近几年来我国医疗事故纠纷之所以呈逐年升高的增长趋势,其原因不外乎不断提高的医疗科学技术在超前广泛领域内的适用、医疗组织规模的扩大以及人们法律观念、权利意识的高涨。同时医疗过失是承担医疗侵权责任的构成要件,医疗过失行为的认定关乎于医疗机构及其医务人员承担相应的刑事法律责任,因此研究医疗过失行为具有重要的法律意义。
一、医疗过失概述
(一)医疗过失的概念界定
根据笔者检索的资料所得的定义,如医疗过失是指医生在实施医疗行为时没有履行其应尽的医疗义务;或者是在患者治病的过程中出现了失误,扭曲了行为的意图,偏离医学科学实践活动的目的,是医疗行为的恶性结果等定义。此外也有这样定义,指医疗机构、医务人员违背他们本应的注意义务,而引起患者人身财产损失的一种专业过失行为,是医疗事故构件之一。从不同角度可以看出,这些定义视乎都具有一定的合理性。但出于全面考虑,
这些所谓的定义对医疗过失专业性定义比较片面,换句话说,其定义只覆盖医师专业医疗行为的过失。实际上医疗过失是一个包含内容很广的概念,其中既包括医护人员的专业行为过失,也包括医疗机构的过失,甚至后勤人员的过失。要对医疗过失进行准确认识,必须建立在对其进行正确分类的基础上。上述定义几乎都未对医疗过失进行分类,因而影响到对医疗过失的准确认识,带来许多概念上的含混。因此,本文将医疗过失定义为:在给患者进行医疗服务时,医疗机构及其医护人员违反其应负注意义务,亦或提供的医疗行为低于其所属的医疗执业群体所能接受的范围,因而给患者造成人身财产损失的一种职业过失行为。
(二)医疗过失的类别
医疗过失其具体内容非常多,按照不同的标准可以将其分为不同的类型。了解这些分类及分类方法,有助于对医疗过失的全面把握。限于篇幅,仅举以下分类:
1.按照医方是否需要承担责任分类
(1)有责任医疗过失: