摘要：大豆疫霉根腐病是由大豆疫霉根腐病菌侵染大豆引起的，对我国重要经济作物大豆有毁灭性的影响。其特点是土壤传播、分布广、危害重。当下这一病害在黑龙江省大豆种植区发生情况正在加速发展中，正有扩大严重之势，对大豆的生产产生了严重的威胁。这一实验在黑龙江佳木斯大豆种植区收集了土壤样本100份，使用叶碟诱捕法检测所采集的土壤样本中的大豆疫霉菌并分离纯化，其中有36份土壤样本呈现阳性，总共有36个大豆疫霉菌株被分离得到。采用大豆黄化苗下胚轴菌丝块接种法来测定大豆疫霉菌株的致病型，在36个菌株中鉴定出了35个致病型，其中对Rps3a、Rps1k、Rps1c、Rps1b和Rps6的毒力频率分别为19.44%、19.44%、16.67%、8.33%和2.78%，这一数据表明了大豆疫霉菌株在黑龙江省佳木斯地的毒力多样性十分丰富，抗病基因Rps3a、Rps1k、Rps1c、Rps1b和Rps6在防治大豆疫霉根腐病育种中具有较高的应用价值。42570

毕业论文关键词：大豆疫霉根腐病；土壤分离；毒性组成

Isolation and identification of Phytophthora sojae from Heilongjiang Province

Abstract：Phytophthora root and stem rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is an economically important disease of soybean in Heilongjiang Province, China.It is characterized by soil transmission, wide distribution, harm heavy. At present, the area subject to the disease has continued to expand rapidly. It is forming great potential threat to soybean production of this province. Phytophthora sojae was detected from 100 soil samples collected in Heilongjiang Province by the soybean leaf-disc baiting method. The  result indicated that P. sojae has been baited from36 soil samples collected in Heilongjiang Province.Determination of Pathogenicity of Phytophthora sojae by Etiolated hypocotyl inoculation method.A total of 35 pathotypes were identified from 36 isolates and 19.44%, 19.44%, 16.67%, 8.33% and 2.78% of the isolates were virulent to cultivars with single Rps genes 3a, 1k, 1c ,1b and 6, respectively. The  result indicated that virulence persity of P. sojae was abundant in Heilongjiang Province and Rps genes 3a, 1k, 1c ,1b and 6 had a high application value in resistance breeding to Phytophthora root and stem rot.

Key words: Soybean Phytophthora Root Rot; Separate; virulence composition

目  录

摘要2

关键词2

Abstract2

Key words2

引言 2

1材料与方法3

1.1土样采集 3

1.2培养基的制备3

1.2.1基础培养基的制备3

1.2.2选择性培养基的制备3

1.3供试大豆幼苗的准备3

1.4大豆疫霉菌的诱捕分离3

1.5大豆疫霉菌致病型的测定4

2结果与分析5

2.1黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌的分布5

2.2黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌的毒力多样性5

2.3黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌的毒性组成6

3讨论 7

3.1土壤中大豆疫霉根腐病菌的分离 7

3.2大豆疫霉菌的致病型与毒性组成 7

致谢7

参考文献9

图1  游动孢子囊4

图2  游动孢子4

图3  大豆黄化苗下胚轴菌丝块接种步骤4

图4  评价标准5

图5  黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌对14个抗性基因的毒力频率7

表1 36个大豆疫霉菌株的致病性测定结果6

黑龙江省大豆疫霉的分离及毒性组成分析

大豆疫霉根腐病菌学名是Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann and Gerdemann。[1]大豆疫霉根腐病(Soybean Phytophthora Root Rot)是由大豆被大豆疫霉根腐病菌侵染引起的，对大豆生产过程中有着极大的影响，目前表现出分布范围广、危害情况重等特征，当前大豆疫霉根腐病在世界大部分地区均有发生且造成了严重影响[2]。在美国大豆疫霉根腐病仍然对大豆产区造成严重的影响。自从我国东北地区大豆疫霉菌被第一次分离得到[4]，证明我国存在大豆疫霉，此后其他省份不断有检测和分离到该病原菌，目前大豆疫霉菌已被发现在15个省（市区）存在。黑龙江和福建两个省份大豆疫霉根腐病的发生情况较为严重，现在仍作为我国对外对内植物检疫病害。大豆由于作为我国主要粮油作物之一，在农业生产当中占有十分重要的地位。由于近年市场需求的增加，我国每年需要大量的进口大豆，而每年均会在检疫口岸从进口大豆中截获大豆疫霉菌，有着极大的危险生物入侵的风险。大豆疫霉菌对大豆生理生态的影响十分重大，对不同国家大豆的生产有着巨大的影响，造成重大的损失。