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摘要：水果中含有人体必需的丰富的文生素、矿物质和膳食纤文等多种营养成分，是人们日常生活中必不可少的食物。近些年，由于农药、化肥的不合理使用，以及工业污染等原因，使得水果受到不同程度的重金属污染。重金属会随着水果进入人体，在体内不断积累，达到一定量时就会危及人类健康。为此，本实验对市售的不同水果进行测定。实验应用微波消解、石墨炉原子吸收光谱等仪器测定20种市售水果中镉、铜、锌、铅、硒5种矿物元素的含量情况，比较不同水果中各种微量元素含量的相对高低。
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结果表明：20种市售水果中矿物元素平均含量依次为Zn(162.32µg/L)>Cu（137.04µg/L）>Se(7.2955µg/L)>Pb(5.5595µg/L)>Cd(1.1095µg/L)。其中Cu、Zn平均含量均相对较高，且其含量均低于国家新鲜水果卫生限量标准，故水果中金属含量在安全范围内，可放心食用。
通过本实验对镉、铜、锌、铅、硒5种矿物元素在水果中的含量测定，初步探讨了20种水果样品中5种矿物元素的含量高低，分析地产小水果中矿物元素含量及分布规律，为人们合理膳食、根据自身微量元素缺乏情况合理选用水果作为一项补充来源提供科学依据实验理论数据和参考。8739
关键词： 水果；矿物元素；污染
Analysis of mineral elements in fruit of real estate
Abstract: Fruit contains essential vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber and other nutrients, so it is an essential food in people’s daily life. In recent years, due to the unreasonable use of pesticide and fertilizer, and industrial pollution, fruits are polluted by heavy metals. A certain amount of heavy metals which enter the body with fruits and accumulate in the body constantly will endanger human health. For this reason, the experiment was measured on different fruits. In this experiment, the content of Cadmium, Cuprum, Zinc, Lead, Selenium in different fruits was discussed by using the microwave digestion and Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that the content of mineral elements in 20 kinds of fruit is Zn(162.32µg/L)>Cu(137.04µg/L)>Se(7.2955µg/L)>Pb(5.5595µg/L)>Cd(1.1095µg/L). The average content of Cu and Zn was relatively high, and their average content is lower than the content which worked out by China, so the 20 kinds of fruit are safe. By means of the experiment, which determination of the content of mineral elements (Cadmium, Cuprum，Zinc, Lead, Selenium) in different fruits, the paper has preliminary studied the content and distribution of the 5 mineral elements in different fruits, and provided new data and references for people to make reasonable selection of choosing the balance diet and the right fruit for supplying the elements which the body lacks.
Key words: fruit; mineral element; pollution
目录
1 引言 1
1.1 水果概述 1
1.2 水果中矿物元素的概述 1
1.2.1 镉 1
1.2.2 铅 1
1.2.3 铜 2
1.2.4 锌 2
1.2.5 硒 2
1.3 水果中矿物元素对人体的危害及生理功能 2
1.3.1 镉的危害 2
1.3.2 铅的危害 3
1.3.3 铜的危害 4
1.3.4 锌的危害 4
1.3.5 硒的生理功能 5
1.4 国内外对水果重金属含量的研究现状 6
1.5 本课题研究的目的及意义 6
2 材料与方法 8
2.1 实验材料与试剂 8
2.2 实验仪器及设备 8
2.3 实验方法 8
2.3.1 样品的预处理 8