迈克尔逊干涉实验的仿真研究
关键词: Matlab ; 迈克尔逊干涉; 等倾干涉；等厚干涉；仿真实验
Simulation on the Michelson Interference Experiment
Abstract: Michelson interferometer as an important experiment device of equal thickness interference, interference of equal inclination and the temporal coherence of the light source has an important status and significance in optics teaching. As we all know, at present Michelson interferometer is expensive and difficult to regulate. This project is based on the Matlab program to simulate the Michelson interferometer experiment. Using a computer program to simulate the working principle and the process of Michelson interferometer, and compare the simulation results with the experimental results. So the teacher can make full use of the picture and text, the image and other forms of experimental processes to intuitively express experiment process. In the teaching, through the experimental simulation, we can vividly explain the concept of abstract and difficult, making it easier for students to accept. It has obvious teaching effect, and can improve the efficiency and quality of teaching and learning.
Key Words: Matlab; Michelson interferometer; Equal inclination interference; Equal thickness interference; Simulation study
目 录
摘要 1
引言 1
1.基本原理 2
1.1迈克尔逊干涉仪 2
1.2 Matlab软件 3
2.迈克尔逊等倾干涉与等厚干涉的Matlab仿真实验 4
2.1迈克尔逊等倾干涉Matlab仿真实验 4
2.2迈克尔逊等厚干涉Matlab仿真实验 5
3.迈克尔逊等倾干涉、等厚干涉实验 6
3.1迈克尔逊等倾干涉 7
3.2迈克尔逊等厚干涉 8
4.对比分析 9
5.结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11,3727
引言
在大学物理实验中，光学实验占有很重要的比重，尤其是迈克尔逊干涉实验。迈克尔逊干涉仪是物理实验中很重要的光学测量仪器，这种精密的光学实验仪器不仅价格昂贵，并且由于它的理论的复杂性和知识的抽象性，很难被学生理解与接受[1-3]。学生在利用迈克尔逊干涉仪进行等倾干涉实验与等厚干涉实验时，很难快速及准确的调节仪器。并且，在用眼睛直接观察干涉条纹的情况下,许多学生误以为视线中出现的圆环条纹就是等倾干涉条纹，而直条纹和略带弯曲的条纹就是等厚干涉条纹,这种判断是不准确的[4]。这样就造成学生不能正确理解及掌握迈克尔逊等倾干涉与等厚干涉，不利于学生进一步学习光学知识。
因此，我们可以利用计算机辅助教学，进行迈克尔逊仿真实验，在进行模拟迈克尔逊等倾干涉与等厚干涉实验过程中，我们可利用Matlab编程软件的强大计算功能和绘图功能，对实验内容稍做调整，使学生能够快速、简捷的获得干涉条纹，观看到明显的干涉现象。这样学生会便会更加直观的理解利用迈克尔逊干涉仪进行等倾干涉与等厚干涉的过程，利于他们更进一步学习光学知识。