4。1 Pursuit for Inpidual Rights and Freedom 7

4。1。1 Robinson’s Choice of Going Sailing 7

4。1。2 Robinson’s Permission to the Rights and Freedom of his Subjects 7

4。2 Self-management 7

4。3Self-reliance and Self-creation 7

4。4 Self-improvement 8

4。4。1The Change of Robinson’s Social Status- from a Labor to a Governor 8

4。4。2 The Change of Robinson’s Religion Beliefs-from an Atheist to a Christian 9

4。4。3 The Change of Robinson’s State of Mind 9

4。4。4 The Change of Robinson’s Social Identities 10

4。5 Self-centeredness and the Constant Pursuit for Self-interest 10

5。 The Causes and Origins of the Inpidualism in Robinson Crusoe 12

5。1The Rapid Development of Capitalism 12

5。2The Influence of Puritanism 12

6。 Social Influence and Significance of Inpidualism in Robinson Crusoe 15

7。 Conclusion 16

References 17

1。 Introduction

Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe, was an English writer, trader, pamphleteer, and novelist。 And he was also regarded as the founder of the realistic novel。 His works emphasized the efforts of inpiduals, and their wisdom and courage to overcome difficulties。 He was born in a commercial family in London in 1660。 His father was a butcher, who was a Christian。 His father wanted him to be a clergyman, but after years of learning how to be a clergyman, he found himself not interested in it at all, so he chose to do business。 And later, he realized that he had strong interest in politics, and thus he began to write political essays for newspapers to earn a living。 However, as the articles he wrote often attacked the king and the ruling party, Defoe was cast into prison for many times。 Considering that these political articles could only get him into endless trouble and debts, Defoe decided to turn to novel creation。 Then in1719, his first novel, Robinson Crusoe, came out, which was the typical representative of his works。

Robinson Crusoe is one of the most influencing novels in the history of UK and it has been thought to be one of the most representative works in 18th century。 The book is a fictional autobiography of Robinson。 And it was written during the European Enlightenment period。 In this period, the European ideological liberation movement culminated which claimed the thoughts of human freedom and equality, and it believed all power belongs to the people。 When this book came out in 1719, it attracted countless readers, because the experiences of Robinson were precisely what the people dreamed of in 18th century, which was also the reason why the novel was popular and well accepted。 And the archetype of this novel was a story which was about a sailor who was forsaken in a barren island away from Chile 500 nautical miles and then lived on the island for four years by himself。

This novel talked about the adventure of Robinson, a person who was born in a middle-class English family but had an insistent desire for the sea。 The book described his first misfortune at the sea, his plantation life in South America, and the fateful shipwreck which cast him to an uninhabited island。 After his 28 years of isolated life on the island, he finally came back to the original social life。 During these 28 years on the island, he relied on his own wisdom, beliefs and effort to struggle to live and improve his living conditions。 Although conditions were very difficult and the living resources were limited, He still made his efforts to make a lot of tools, clothes and other necessaries or even produce food by himself。 Apart from these, Robinson saved a man and named him Friday who became his slave later。 And then there were more people on the island。 At last, Robinson developed the primitive island into his own colony and became the governor and the dominator of the island。 来自优Q尔W论E文R网wWw.YouERw.com 加QQ75201.8766