Memes, invented to suggest a strong analogy with genes, are ideas that spread through human cultures and across the generation。 Memes are genes of culture, existing as cultural replicators propagated through imitation; language is one form of their carriers。 Memes benefit the development of language, and at the same time they benefit themselves by language in the process of replicating and transmitting。 Memetically, language memes reveal, from a new angle, the law of speech spread and language replication。 Chesterman is the first man who introduces meme into translation theory research。 He thinks that meme is spread in a single culture by imitation and takes language as the main carrier。 However, if it is spread as intercultural communication, it must be translated。 In other words, translation is the survival machine of meme。 Chesterman collectively call the conceptions or viewpoints about translation itself and translation theories as Translation Memetics。 And he discusses five super memes in the translation bank in detail which includes the source language and target language memes, peer memes, untranslatability memes, literal-free memes, and writing or translation memes。 The ideal translation at the point of Memetics is that the new carrier of meme can decode successfully these memes by transformational language, which makes the source language memes spread and produce the equivalent pragmatic function。 

   In Memes of Translation: The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Chesterman claimed that translation meme is the joint name of the conception, standard norm, strategy, and value of translation itself and the conception and viewpoint of translation theories。   文献综述

   After the publication of Chesterman’s treatises, many scholars in our country introduce and study the theory of Translation Memetics。 Han Jianghong (2004) points out that Chesterman sets the various angles of theories and ideas of translation from different periods into a macro framework by borrowing MEME。 Ma Xiao (2005) thinks that Chesterman combines some unrelated translation opinions from the perspective of Memetics and builds a systemic theory of Translation Memetics。 He discusses the evolutionism of history, the relationship of translation theory and practice, and the parallel view of ontogenesis and phylogenesis。 By this way, he demonstrates the importance of translation theory teaching, significance of translation history teaching, and the rule that translation teaching should follow translation ability evolution。 From the perspective of translation strategy, Chen Jirong (2011) points out that by setting the learning and communication strategies in language cognition as theoretical background of cognitive meme translation strategy, Chesterman contributes to the translation strategy study from specific translation ways。 In conclusion, though the emphases of Translation Memetics are different, these scholars all agree with Chesterman’s connection between conception and theory about translation, which is based on Memetics。