- 上一篇：磁性材料固定化腈水解酶的研究
- 下一篇：人口老龄化背景下医疗保险问题研究
4.2 能量衡算
热量衡算同样也是我们设计任务书中的一个主要部分。我们通过所查的公式对反应热的热量平衡进行计算，定压摩尔热容及燃烧热数据等都通过《化工工艺设计手册》及相应公式进行估算。从而计算出生产过程能耗指标，以选定先进的生产工艺。
4.3设备选型和校核
根据上述所计算的内容查找设计选型手册书籍选择合适的设备。反应器的种类很多，按照反应器进出物料的状况，可以分为间歇式与连续式两类。按照物料的流程。则可分为单程与循环两大类。从反应器的结构形式来分，可以分成釜式、管式、塔式等多种反应器形式，它们适用于不同的化学反应，应根据物系反应机理来选择。
在设备选型时，要认真地研究工艺的适应性、安全性问题，应根据工岂总的操作范同和操作特性之间的关系，通过对各设备的分析来确定设备的型式。请看任务书的内容补充。
Design Manual
1 design principles:
1.1 Safety：Safety of chemical production process and Scope of the work is very wide。It is not only directly with many functions related to production technology and management，And there are many problems that must be addressed by labor, education, administration and logistics, political and departments to ideological work of other departments。There are some of the more complex technical problem from the research, design, planning and other aspects of starting, summarize technical production problems exposed by the accident has occurred, the proposed future preventive measures and solutions to avoid risks to the production reserved.Meanwhile, the nature of disasters that may occur in production, conditions and rules that occur in scientific research, to find a solution from the scientific technology, to overcome weaknesses of prone to accidents and ensure safety in production.
1.2 Easy to operate: in determining the various production processes and equipment, but also to determine a reasonable operating conditions. Because the play and control program to determine its role for the establishment of its production processes and equipmen has a direct relationship. Operation should be simple and feasible.
1.3 Investment costs: design should consider the cost of the design, including the price of raw materials, production plant layout, production personnel salaries and daily expenses.
1.4 Ease of Installation: plant layout should meet the construction and installation requirements. In particular, should consider lifting large equipment, road construction and road load standards such as plant construction and the requirements of installation shall meet
2 Production and application of products
Nitrobenzene ether is an important organic intermediates, and versatile. Drugs used as chemical intermediates and dye intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals for phenacetin and so on.
3 Determine of production methods
The traditional method about the production of nitrobenzene by basing on nitro chlorobenzene as raw material ，Ethanol, sodium hydroxide in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst, at 80 ~ 81 ℃ ethoxylation pressurized conditions, the reaction was neutralized with hydrochloric acid, filtered and the filtrate was recovered atmospheric distillation of ethanol,Remove sodium nitro phenol, reservoir vacuum distillation washed with hot water, take 214-218 ℃ (2.66-5.32kpa) fractions derived crude nitrobenzene ether, and then vacuum distillation boutique。This method is the long reaction period, complex operation, a considerable amount of ethanol required。Used in the preparation process requires rectification column purification, consumes a lot of power, and the long production cycle, the operating ambient temperature is too high, but also pollute the environment, this product is toxic.The phase-transfer catalysis in the application nitrophenetole synthesis, thus making the production process of nitrophenetole greatly simplified, with good development prospects。The process to adopt a nitro chlorobenzene and ethanol reaction, TEBAC as a phase transfer catalyst to nitrophenetole。The Reaction is ：
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